U.s. Marine Corps And The Military - 1335 Words

After watching this film for several times, a viewpoint comes into my mind that almost all of people are not inborn soldiers, but it’s quite clear that most of them could be soldiers through a series of training in the army. Unlike a majority of jobs in our daily lives, soldiering could be more complicated and it needs people to take a high level of risk in the war and even some people sacrifice their lives in order to defend their countries’ rights and protect citizens’ safety. Therefore, many people may have formed a false concept that only specific groups of people are suitable for selecting as soldiers. In fact, anyone’s son will do it and they can do it very well. In the end of this film, most soldiers’ family members express that they are proud of their sons or daughters. That’s because their sons or daughters assume responsibility and make great contributions to the society. The storyline of this film is about the basic training in the military. This film’s scenario is about the U.S. Marine Corps. In this film, it shows us the details of recruiting soldiers and some procedures about how to train these young people into soldiers and killers. In the beginning of this film presents a picture of the Soviet Union soldiers and also tells us that these people would be the U.S. soldiers, if their grandparents had immigrated to the United States. At the same time, their parents would very proud of them because they think their sons or daughters serve the country and protectShow MoreRelatedThe U.s. Marine Corps1078 Words   |  5 PagesThe U.S. Marine Corps’ is thought to be one of the five free standing military departments, but in all actuality there is only three departments. The U.S. Army, U.S. Air Force, and the U.S. Navy are the only branches of the military that are correctly recognized as their own departments. There are two other Branches o f the military that are under the U.S. Navy, one is the United States Marine Corps’. They were created to protect, but now they need protecting from budget cuts and disbanding. In orderRead MoreBenefits Of A United States Marine Corps1072 Words   |  5 PagesUnited States Marine Corps â€Å"The Marines are a part of the Department of the Navy and operate in close cooperation with U.S. Navy forces at sea† (â€Å"Answers to the Top Marine Corps Questions†). The United States Marine Corps have many jobs to protect and serve the U.S. Some of the ways a Marine serves the United States is by protecting naval bases, guarding U.S. embassies, and providing a quick strike force to protect U.S. interests (â€Å"Answers to the Top Marine Corps Questions†). Being a Marine that servesRead MoreBenefits Of A United States Marine Corps1016 Words   |  5 PagesBenefits for a United States Marine Corps The United States Marine Corps have many jobs to protect and serve the United States. Some of the ways a Marine serves the United States is by protecting naval bases, guarding U.S. embassies, and providing a quick strike force to protect U.S. interests (â€Å"Answers to the Top Marine Corps Questions†). Being a Marine that serves and protects the United States comes with many benefits. â€Å"A career as a Marine rewards you with a salary, benefits, incentives andRead MoreCompare and Contrast of the Army and the Marines Essay example1004 Words   |  5 PagesCompare and Contrast of the Army and the Marine Corps Gary W. McCoy ENG 121 Julie Alfaro November 1, 2010 Compare and Contrast of the Army and the Marine Corps The United States Armed Forces are the military forces of the United States. They consist of the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force, and the Coast Guard. Although the United States Army and Marine Corps are both primarily ground- based forces and offer many similar career fields, the two branches are different in some very crucialRead MoreThe Marine Corps : The Battle Of Chapultepec951 Words   |  4 Pages The Marine Corps takes history very seriously. When asked, Marines can name battles most people have never heard of, such as the Battle of Chapultepec in Mexico in 1847. It is rumored that the Blood Stripe of a Marine Non-Commissioned Officer’s (NCO’s) trouser is based off the bloody Battle of Chapultepec. Marine NCO’s since then had created a tradition called â€Å"Blood Striping.† Blood striping is the act of literally inflicting a blood stripe on a newly promoted NCO’s legs through means of punchingRead MoreHistory of the Marine Nco840 Word s   |  4 PagesRole of the Marine Non Commissioned Officer After the Vietnam War ended, the Marine Corps’ main focus changed from broad scale operations, to being an Expeditionary Force in Readiness. Although this was no new role for the United States Marine Corps (USMC), there have been many changes in society, technology and tactics that affect how the Corps operates. However, over the last 36 years one thing has remained the same, and that is the role of the Marine Non Commissioned Officer (NCO). With theRead MoreThe United States Marine Corps990 Words   |  4 Pageswar. Marines courageously serve in our nations wars. Their ability to win battles allows our nations to deal with threats quickly without making the situation more dangerous than it already is. Since the year of 1775 the Marines have been the number one branch of the military called upon first. Their ability to execute the most rapid, effective, and efficient military response to disputes anywhere in the world, makes them one of the most respected branches of the mil itary. The Marines Corps are deployedRead MoreMy Life With A Good Guy Who Catches The Bad Guys1691 Words   |  7 Pagesthe bad guys. I never did like Barbie dolls, I was always into boys toys when I was younger. My freshman year of high school I’ve thought about joining the military because of all the benefits and how much money I could make. My father wanted all of his children to join the military, I never really knew exactly why but I guess if you are a military parent it’ll make you proud. I then fell in love with basketball, but I thought I was too short for it. When I graduated high school I did not know whatRead MoreBook Review: First To Fight by Victor H. Krulak644 Words   |  3 PagesBook Review: First To Fight by Victor H. Krulak The United States Marine Corps is a frequently misunderstood, occasionally maligned but more frequently mythologized division of the U.S. Armed Forces. Sometimes its role is perceived as overlapping the roles and responsibilities of its military counterparts such as the U.S. Army, the U.S. Navy and the U.S. Air Force. However, as the exhaustive text by Victor Krulak shows, it is far more often seen as enhancing, focusing and insuring the roles andRead MoreThe Marine Corps As A Power Projection Force Essay1426 Words   |  6 PagesHistory has shown us that though it’s lifetime, the Marine Corps has and will continue to participate in small wars due to its operational nature of being a power projection force that is always ready. From the Banana Wars of the early 20th century to the most recent conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq, the Marine Corps has found itself in conflicts vice the large conventional wars that it trains for. Although there is no â€Å"one size fits allâ⠂¬  approach to the challenges of small wars, as the Joint

Depression Can Mean Several Different Things. It Can Mean

Depression can mean several different things. It can mean normal depression, such as loss, conflict, trauma, or the disruption of normal life balance. It can be a symptom of a physical illness, or a side effect of medication. It can also be based on neurochemical abnormalities (Karren, Smith, Gordon, 2014, p. 181-182). Depression as an illness is not a normal reaction, but it can occur even without a clear reason (Karren, Smith, Gordon, 2014, p. 182). A person who is depressed feels that the present conditions and the future possibilities are intolerable (Karren, Smith, Gordon, 2014, p. 182). The elusiveness of depression makes it difficult to define: it s not just one single condition with a simple cause (Karren, Smith, †¦show more content†¦Breyer (n.d.) explains that though there are often the more obvious signs of depression, like feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and anxiety, depression can also cause unexplained physical symptoms. Headaches and migraines are said to be fairly common in people with depression. The relationship between depression and migraines is especially close (Breyer, n.d.). One study found that over a two year period, a person with a history of major depression was three times more likely than average to have a first migraine attack, and a person with a history of migraine was five times more likely than average to have a first episode of depression. (Breyer, n.d.). Breyer (n.d.) also went on to explain that back pain may get worse if you become depressed. Stating that in a study from the University of Alberta that followed a random sample of a large number of adults without neck and low back pain and found that people who suffer from depression are four times as likely to develop intense or disabling neck and low back pain than those who are not depressed (Breyer, n.d.). Some other physical symptoms of depression that Breyer (n.d.) list are chest pain, digestive problems, exhaustion and fatigue, sleep disturbances, and c hanges in appetite or weight gain. You should seek help for the symptoms of depression, emotional or physical, if they are affecting your life in such a way that it is causing difficulties in relationships, work issues, or you are having thoughts of suicideShow MoreRelatedSymptoms And Symptoms Of Depression1197 Words   |  5 PagesEtiology of depression Depression can be defined as a typical mental issue that give discouraged disposition, less interest or delight, diminished energy levels, sentiments of blame or low self-esteem, disturbed appetite or sleep, and poor focus in daily life matters. Symptoms of anxiety and insomnia are closely associated with term depression. Depression can be categorised as â€Å" Mental illness† because it severely affects the state of human’s mind and propose hurdles and obstacles in daily lifeRead MoreEtiology Of Depression And Depression1109 Words   |  5 Pages ETIOLOGY OF DEPRESSION Etiology of depression Depression can be defined as a typical mental issue that give discouraged disposition, less interest or delight, diminished energy levels, sentiments of blame or low self-esteem, disturbed appetite or sleep, and poor focus in daily life matters. Symptoms of anxiety and insomnia are closely associated with term depression. Depression can be categorized as â€Å" Mental illness† because it severely affects the state of human’s mind and propose hurdles and obstaclesRead MoreThe Problem Of Depression By Laura Mcbride Essay1660 Words   |  7 PagesDepression is a mental disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. When people are depressed they feel down and lose interest in daily activities. It can cause many physical and mental health disorders such as cardiovascular problems and social disorders, for a couple examples. There are many different kinds of medications and therapies used to treat people with depression.In the book We Are Called To Rise by Laura McBri de, three individuals lives were brought together by trauma and by coincidenceRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Depression1340 Words   |  6 Pageslot of different factors that can contribute to one’s depression. Such as, biological, psychological and sociocultural. These factors include emotional symptoms, cognitive symptoms, behavior symptoms, somatic symptoms, and impairment in social and occupational functioning. So, what is depression? Everybody experiences times in their life with feeling blue or sad. Depression, however is a medical condition to where the person feels a stronger sadness for a lot longer than normal. Depression can be mildRead MoreMajor Depressive Disorder741 Words   |  3 Pageslife. Depression can be caused by many things such as illness, abuse, a lack of serotonin in your brain, or countless other things. An article written in the New York Times entitled â€Å"Major Depression†, stated that depression is caused by a chemical imbalance in your brain due to stress, problems with your genes, or sadness. But it’s more likely a nice cocktail of all of those things give or take a few instead of just one of those factors. And no matter what your age you can develop depression whetherRead MoreBipolar Depression : A Difficult And Diverse Mood Disorder1258 Words   |  6 Pagesmanic, hypomanic, and mixed episodes. Aretaeus of Cappadocia had been the first to practice and have the best information on bipolar depression in the medical field during the 1st Century in Greece. His notes between mania and depression had been overlooked for a very long time. Greeks and Romans were responsible for the terms mania and melancholia, which now mean manic and depressive. The Greeks had also even revealed that using lithium salt while taking a bath could calm manic patients and liftRead Mo reThe Problem Of Adolescent Depression1631 Words   |  7 Pages Adolescent Depression Depression a word we’re familiar with especially when it comes to adults, we know adults get depress and we understand the reasons, with the high demands in life it’s not uncommon to get lost in the shuffle. Depression in adult is something we have known for many years, but what has surprised many of us is that adolescents also get depressed. I myself still don’t fully understand the reasons why or how this happens. I see it very often adolescentRead MoreDiagnosis And Management Of Depressive Disorder Essay1451 Words   |  6 Pagesof major depression (348).† This is evidence that a systematic screening is needed for screening of patients that have a family physician for major depression. There are several types of questionnaires used for screening of depression. 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Depression is a condition in which a person feels discouraged, sad, hopeless, unmotivated, or disinterested in life in general (Depression II). Depression is a serious mental illness that does the aforementioned as well as much more. When a person is depressed, it can inter fere with daily and normal functioning as well as can cause pain for the person with it and those around them, and this is what doctors call ‘Clinical Depression’. Depression is more than just a simple sadness;

An Overview on Federal Budget Situation of the Year 2001 Free Essays

The summary provides an overview on federal budget situation of the year 2001, with emphasize on federal debt over the previous years, and with reference to historical data, budget structure, its management, economic uses and future evolution. The report deals with a temporary positive turn of situation over the time period 1998-2001 regarding the state of federal budget. Previously, U. We will write a custom essay sample on An Overview on Federal Budget Situation of the Year 2001 or any similar topic only for you Order Now S. economy had confronted with a severe recession. Government had run a budget deficit of $168. 1 billion in the fiscal year 1988, $152. 1 billion in the fiscal year 1989, $220. 4 billion in 1990 and a $288 billion deficit in fiscal year 1991. The economic decline reached its lower limit in the fiscal year 1992, when US Government ran an alarming $293. 2 billion deficit. However, the next years brought about the long awaited change. Thus, the economic situation set out to recovery as lower deficits started to be achieved: $254. 9 billion in 1993, $233 billion in the fiscal year 1994, $164 billion in 1995, $107 billion in 1996 and $22 billion in the fiscal year 1997. After more than 30 years of repeated deficits (the last budget surplus had occurred in fiscal year 1969), the situation finally seemed to turn for the better as the U. S. Government ran a budget surplus of $69 billion in fiscal year 1998, $125 billion in 1999, and $236 billion in fiscal year 2000. For the fiscal year 2001 the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) estimated a $281 budget surplus whereas estimations up to $5. 6 trillion have been made regarding the cumulative budget surpluses over the next 10 years. Nevertheless, in spite of all optimistic anticipations, budget surpluses kept authorities waiting, as they stubbornly refused to measure up to CBO’s expectations. Not only that, but economy plummeted once more into depression, only months after it was believed to be on the right track to full recovery. Nonetheless, the worst did not happen and, even though budget surpluses are yet to be achieved, at present economy fights its way out of depression. For all that, analysts remain skeptical about this so called recovery. Several arguments have been brought to support this idea: firstly, it is considered that since the economy increase is not based on job growth or significant investment in productive capacity, it is not viable and long -lasting. Secondly, analysts argue that economic growth is due to unsatisfactory job creation. Thus, new jobs are largely non-union, and paid considerably less than those that have been down-sized. In addition, job creating averages 188,000 per month since November 2004 and taking into consideration that the economy needs around 150,000 jobs just to keep pace with new workers entering work force market, this is a sign of stagnation. Thirdly, living and working conditions have become worse for millions of Americans which is an indicator of a phony economic growth. Finally, Bush’s administration has more cuts in view, which will lead to further degradation of quality life. Tax cuts and increased military spending have deepened even more the hole in the budget deficit. Thus, the U. S. Government ran a record $113. 94 billion deficit in February 2005, surpassing the $96. 70 billion deficit in February 2004. The total deficit for the fiscal year 2005 is estimated at $427 billion. Statistically, this means that the U. S. must borrow $1. 2 billion daily to clear off the debt. Moreover, the total national debt is as high as $7. 7 trillion and this means well over $26,000 per U. S. citizen. Because this is money that has to be paid back with an interest, analysts argue that within the next ten years the U. S. Government will no longer be able to borrow enough money as to keep up with expenses. In addition, the trade deficit has increased by $500 billion since 1993. In 2004 the trade gap set a new record of $617. 1 billion, whereas predictions for fiscal year 2005 are even gloomier. Moreover, inflation and interest rates indicators are all pointing to an unstable economic situation in which the tiniest shock can tip the balance for the worst. Thus, perspectives on U. S. economy are bleak and demand for immediate responsible action. Looking back to 2001 predictions, we may conclude that analysts of the time have considerably fed on air. Had it not been for their lack of realism, perhaps the current crisis would have been avoided. Nevertheless, economic predictions are extremely difficult to make with any precision as they often involve contradictory data. How to cite An Overview on Federal Budget Situation of the Year 2001, Essay examples

Principles Of Business Law Management

Question: Task 1 (Drafting a letter of complaint) Violet is extremely upset. Four months ago she purchased a used car from 'Duggins Motors', a Seat Ibiza which had done 6,000 miles and cost her 5,000. The car came with a six month warranty. Two weeks ago the car broke down whilst Violet was driving to work. The vehicle was recovered by the RAC and taken to a local garage. The owner of the garage has told Violet that the vehicles central steering column has failed and that the car will need at least 4,500 worth of work performed. Violet has tried phoning Duggins Motors but finds it very difficult to get a response. She has now asked you to draft a letter of complaint for Duggins Motors. In the meantime Violet has needed to hire a vehicle for her job as a domicilary carer and this is costing her 300 per week. Draft the letter of complaint. Feel free to make up details of names, addresses and dates etc. However, you letter should include correct application of the appropriate law and a sensible course of action. Task 2 (Essay) In employment law, an employee can often have his or her status confused with that of an independent contractor; such confusion can result in an onerous burden for the employer. Discuss. Task 3 (Drafting Exercise) Stuart and Rolf have decided to go into business together running a hair dressing salon. Both have decided to contribute 50,000 towards the capital of the business. Stuart will be converting the ground floor level of his flat to use as a salon and Rolf will be supplying all of the equipment to be used in the salon, the hair-dryers, chairs, sinks etc. Both have decided to take a salary of 1500 per month. They would like an equal say as to how the business is run and hope that any disputes can be settled amicably. Both are established hair stylists and feel they can bring a strong client base. They wish to call their business A cut above the rest.(a) Draft the Ordinary Partnership Agreement that they will need. (b) After five years of running a successful ordinary partnership, Rolf and Stuart feel it might be appropriate to turn their business into an LLP. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of such a move. Answer: Task 1 To, Duggins Motors, 85, Scottish Street London E1W S21. Sub: lodging a complaint To whom it may concern, I am Violet Mason here to file a complaint regarding an issue that I have been trying to draw your attention to for the past couple of days. Four months before, I have purchased a car from `Duggins Motors. The car was a Seat Ibiza and it cost me 5,000. The car was a used car which had done 6,000 km. However, the car came with a six months warranty as per the policy and contract agreement of the company. Unfortunately, the car broke down two weeks ago.I was driving the car to work, but suddenly the car broke down in the middle of the road. However, RAC had recovered the vehicle and it was taken to a local garage. According to the owner of the garage, the central steering column has failed. Therefore, in order to fix that central steering column, I need to pay them 4,500 to the owner of the garage. I have beentrying to get through to you for the last couple of days but there seems to be no response from your end.As per the English contract law, Violet and Dugins Motors came into a con tract which is valid in nature. Contract is an agreement between two parties and more in order to give rise to a specific obligation for a particular consideration and it must be enforceable in the court of law. However, three basic elements are important for a valid contract, which are as follows: consideration, agreement, and contractual intention. For establishing a valid contract, a party must express the willingness to contract to another party for a particular time period with an intention. The contract can be bound by law if only the other party accepted the offer for a given consideration. An intention to create a legal relationship is the important factor. Anoffer can be made both verbally or in oralform.An offer must be distinct from invitation to treat. On the other hand, acceptance can be conducted either in oral form or verbal form.Acceptance has no legal binding unless and until it is being communicated in any form to the offeror.A promise cannot be enforceable under l aw unless it is supported with the element of consideration. Thus, consideration plays the vital role for making a contract enforceable under the court of law. It is important as per the English law consideration must be adequate and sufficient in form.Last but not the least, he most important element for a valid contract is the contractual intention. The parties must have the intention to make the contract valid and thus it can be enforceable under the court of law. In domestic matters, the scenario is different which can be observed form the case study of Balfour v Balfour [1919] 2 KB 571.In this particular scenario, the motor company Duggins Motor has promised me in the contract that they are bound to perform their warranty feature which they have provided me during the purchase of the car. Any type of provision which is included in the contract is considered to be the part of contract and therefore these terms of contract help to bind the parties under obligation.Thus, the brea ches of this particular term which are included in a contract lead to litigation. Among such terms warranty is included and the breach of contract will make the party suffer and answerable under the court of law.Warranties are the promise which is made by the parties against the product which is sold by him. In such situation, the seller is liable to repair the product within a specific time period as mentioned in the contract or else he will be responsible for the breach of contract.in many circumstance it is being noticed that warranties act as an underwritten promise which arises depending upon the mode of the transaction.But in this situation, the company has provided me with the warranty for six months against the sale of the car. Thus, the company is liable to reimburse the amount which is needed to be paid for repairing the central stirring or get the repair done themselves. Otherwise, I have the option to gotocourt for the matter of breaching the contract on the part of the company.Notwithstanding, the above mentioned aspects of this case, there is yet another point that I would like to bring to your kind notice.Ineed my car for my daily work purpose. I am adomicilarycarer. Thus,I need my car todo my job. Without a car it is hard for me to carry out my daily job. Thus, I have to hire a car which cost me 300 per week. This is the liability of the company to repair my car or provide me with a substitute vehicle till the car is not repaired. I have been trying my level best to contact with the company for lodging the complaint that my car has broken down and it needs to be repaired. However, the company is not at all bothering to reply me and to do a response against my calling. My daily expenses on the hired car is increasing because of this delay and legally this is categorized both as a liability of the company and negligent act on their part. According to the English law, extent of the liability that the defendant has to bare depends upon the breach o f contract conducted by the defendant.This is can be easily identified from the case study of Hadley v Baxendale(1854). Moreover, this case is a clear proof of the breach of the duty of care that Duggins Motor owes me as a consumer since the selling contract clearly states that there is a warranty of 6 months which I want tomake useofinthiscase. In the English contract law, remedies are available for the purpose of breach of contract such as: damages, action regarding the price factor and remedies for injunction. Breaching of a valid contract refers to breach of legal obligation. Thus, the defendant is liable for incur the damages which is being faced by the plaintiff. In this situation, the loss which is being incurred by me is the reliance loss. I have to take care of the fees for hiring the car for my job purpose. Thus, the company is liable for paying the fees which is incurred by me for hiring purpose. I have being trying to contact the company but the company did not take any action which represent that the company is bothering regarding the issue which is faced by me. Thus, the company is falling under the act of negligence and therefore the breach of contract has been done by the company. However, as per the law, damages must be paid by the company as it act as an award in order to compensate the damages incurred by me. As per the rule, I have the right to claim for the damages which has raised due to the breach of contract on the part of he company(Hadley v Baxendale1854). Task 2 It is often found that an employee of a firm get his or her status confused with that of an independent contractor. This section of the discussion will cover the relationship or the differences between independent contractor and the employee of a firm. Although the difference is vivid in local law however in case of foreign law the differentiating factors are almost similar which separates both. All country has got a unique set of factors which is almost same with many nations; still they try to come up with some distinguishing factors which will provide them a better place. In International employment law this generalization can be very useful. Most of the countries provide the contracts the lease to be legally independent to practice if they surpass to go through some basic hurdle of practicing law which are like taking the sole responsibility of running the independent business, this will include lot of things like meeting the client target, that too without any supervision, witho ut any office supplies, without any assistant, do your marketing on your own, without any hourly pay, vacation. So most importantly its about authority. If the individual is ready to accept to take the challenge and show willingness to take the authority most of the country upholds independent contractor status. In order to be an independent contractor there should be no relation or directives and regulation between the party and the company. An independent contractor agreement is a deed or a bond which is a promise to safeguard the future trust of the contractor, thus it is important to keep this agreement very clear between the two parties. The agreement should reflect the type of relationship that exist between the two parties and will consist the kind of terms they are about to land by the end of the deliverables. The agreement should not contain detailed information on how the work is going to be done. The company should not direct how the work is going to be done and should st ay silent how the contractor spends the money to get the work done for them. Relationship between both the parties should be very clear in order to overcome unavoidable circumstances and specially being investigated for tax related issues. A huge difference is being noted between an independent contractor and an employee. However, in present situation in UK the independent contractor are also termed as consultant.in many cases, it is relevant that employee and independent worker are working side by side with each other still there lies a lot of differences between the two. From legal point of view the differences are wider when it comes to employee and independent contractor. The basic difference is the job title of a contractor and he employee. Though job titles do not match the legal classification still they play a vital role for developing legal obligations. Job titles affect the employee in various dimensions such as legal benefits, tax benefits, employment benefits which are n ot seen in the case of an independent contractor. Employees usually work under and for a single employer but in case of an independent contractor, they tend to provide services to more than one individual or company. The working hour is set by the employer in case of the employee. But when it comes to independent contractor the working hours are being set by themselves. This is the basic confusion which is made by the employee in various situations. On the other hand, when it comes to benefits, the employee has the option to receive benefits from the employer regarding health or any kind of disability. Since an independent contractor work for their won they do not have the option to enjoy any kind of benefits from anyone. Usually the employees have to work under the control of the employer and the employer also directs them to execute the work. But independent contractor works on their own way and on their own schedule set by themselves. The tasks which are being allocated must be e xecuted according to the employee. But when it comes to independent contractor they execute their job on their own manner under their own authority. Employee has the tendency to avoid any kind of investment for executing their job. They always avoid to incur any kind of cost for establishing their allocated job. In order to perform the job if any kind of investment is required the independent contractors usually invest them as they work on their own way. Requirements of education are important criteria when it comes to employees. In many circumstances it is being noticed that the employers have conducted training programs in order to train them for the purpose of receiving better and quality performance from them. But he independent contractor already acquired their skills for performing their jobs and thus training programs are not required for them as they manage to do their own job. When it comes to the benefit of employee, it is relevant from various sources that employees have the option to receive compensation during the termination of the job because of unemployment. But when it is related to the independent contractor, they do not have the privilege to get or receive any kind of compensation from their clients after the particular is terminated. This is also a fact that if an employee get injured or fall sick during the working hours in the work place, then the cost of treatment which is required for the employee will be incurred by the employer. However, this benefit is meant for the independent contractor. In many cases, the employer cannot terminate the employee without presenting a good cause or reason for termination. But in cases of independent contractor, the client can move on if the contract or agreement between the contractor and the client is agreed upon a specific period of time. Employers have to follow the law, which are related to employment act, labour law, etc. This is because the relationship between employer and employee is lawful un der jurisdiction. On the other hand, anti-discrimination law and work-place safety law is considered in cases of independent contractor. Union can be formed by the employees but independent contractor does not have the right to form a union in the workplace. In United Kingdom if an individual is not working for a particular firm he or she can act or be an independent contractor. The contract will be done for the exchange of service only. Principle of at will employment do not exist in United Kingdom, therefore employees have quite a few security. Unless misconduct, redundancy or incapability issues they cannot be easily dismissed. However in this case, strict measures are taken and notices are given. An independent employee or a contactors job is much more volatile and catches more notice than any other job, it is the least secured job one can get. Taxation is also done differently to an employee to that of an independent contractor. An independent contractor has to pay off his taxe s on his own. It is important to maintain the differences between the independent contractor and employees. The differences are being discussed above regarding their status, privileges, benefits etc. If the differences are not being maintained properly, then it may affect the burden of the employer. Employer will definitely face problems with their employee in cases when the employees started following the privileges enjoyed by the independent contractor such as working in their own way, executing their work on their own time and execution of job without bothering anyone etc. as per the law, Execute an independent contractor agreement, and include proper documentation in the agreement that clearly states that a contractor is independent from the company, is self-employed, and will be responsible for final deliverables, not the method in which they are produced. Thus, it is important to maintain discrimination among the employee and independent contractor. Task 3 Partnership Agreement This partnership agreement is made and entered into this 5.2.2014 between Stuart and Rolf. Background The partners have the intention to associate themselves legally with each other for the purpose of carrying out a business.However, here are some of the terms and conditions are to be mentioned in the partnership agreement. In this agreement a brief idea of the capital which are invested by the partners for the purpose of carrying out their business. For establishing a partnership, it is relevant to mention the share of profit and loss regarding the business among the partners.The time period should be mentioned in the agreement to specify the validity period of the agreement.In the given scenario, Stuart and Rolf have decided to go into a partnership in order to run a business properly together.They have decided to carry out witha hair dressing salon as they both are hair stylist. In order to establish their own business they have decided to contribute 50,000 towards the capital of the business. On the other hand, Stuart will be converting the ground floor level of his flat to use as a salon and on the other side;Rolf will be supplying all of the equipment to be used in the salon, the hair-dryers, chairs, sinks etc. on the grounds of partnership they have decided to take a salary of 1500 per month. When it comes to ethics for each other in order to carry the business, they would like an equal say as to how the business is run and hope that any disputes can be settled amicably. However, they also decided a name for their shop and that is A cut above the rest. Partnership Books Partnership book is the book which must be maintained by the partner. In this book, the accounts of the partnership firm are being recorded and this book also includes the partnership agreement, the dos and the donts which the partner must follow for carrying their partnership properly. This partnership account must be kept by the partners at their work place. Fiscal Year The fiscal year of the Partnership shall end at the end of five years. Accountings The affairs which are being held n the partnership must recorded properly in the accounting book on the every end of the months: March, June, September and December. Therefore, it comes to that the counting records must be completed at the end of every three month every year. However, it is mandatory that this accounting record must be rendered to every partner in the partnership within 15 days after the closing of every here months. After each accounting is done, the net profit of the firm must be distributed among the partners. Time Devoted to Partnership Each Partner shall devote his or her undivided time and attention and use the utmost of his or her skills and ability in furtherance of the Partnership business. Management and Authority Every Partner might have an equivalent voice in the administration of the Partnership and should have power to tie the Partnership in making contracts and acquiring obligations in the name and on the credit of the firm. Be that as it may, no Partner might cause any obligations in the name or on the credit of the firm surpassing 500 without the express composed assent of the other Partner. Any obligation brought about infringing upon this procurement might be charged to and gathered from the individual Partner causing the obligation. Salaries Every Partner should be qualified for a pay of 1500 every month, which might be removed by the Partnership as a customary and important cost of doing business before determination of net benefits. The compensation of any Partner might, in any case, be expanded or lessened at situation when there prevail a mutual agreement among all the partners. Net Profit The expression "net profits" as utilized as a part of this Agreement might mean the net profits of the Partnership as controlled by sound accounting guidelines for every bookkeeping period accommodated in this Agreement. Withdrawal of Partner Partners have the option to withdraw from the Partnership toward the end of any bookkeeping period by providing the other Partner 30 days, composed notification of his or her aim to do as such. Alternative to acquire Terminated Interest On disintegration of the Partnership by the withdrawal or other demonstration of a Partner, the remaining Partner, on composed notification to the next Partner inside 15 days of the disintegration, may proceeds with the Partnership business by buying the enthusiasm of the other Partner in the assets also, great will of the Partnership. The remaining Partner might have the choice to enjoy the interest of the partner who is withdrawing himself from the partnership agreement. Purchase Sell Agreement on Death of Partner In the event that the Partnership is broken up by the demise of a Partner, the remaining Partner should have the obligation inside days from the passing of the perished partner to buy the enthusiasm of the expired Partner in the Partnership and to pay to the individual illustrative of the expired Partner the estimation of that enthusiasm as gave in Paragraph l7 of this Agreement. Amid this 15 days period taking after the demise of a Partner, the remaining Partner might proceed with the matter of the Partnership however the domain or individual illustrative of the perished Partner might not be at risk for any obligations acquired in the Partnership business that are more prominent than any sum includable in the bequest of the perished Partner that was already contributed or included in the Partnership and remained so on the date of death. The domain of the expired Partner should be committed to offer his or her Partnership enthusiasm as gave in this Agreement and might be entitled, at the race of the individual illustrative of the expired Partner, either to one-50% of the net profits earned by the Partnership business amid this 1 day period or to enthusiasm for the utilization amid this time of the perished enthusiasm for the Partnership business at the rate of 12 percent a year on the estimation of the partnership interest. This instrument include the sole agreement of the parties for forming a new business and the rights, duties, obligations are all set right in this agreement which the parties are bound to follow. Thank You ------------------Signature of the partner ------------------Signature of the partner In the given information in the case study, Stuart and Rolf have decided to go into a partnership in order to run a business properly together. They have decided to carry out with a hair dressing salon as they both are hair stylist. In order to establish their own business they have decided to contribute 50,000 towards the capital of the business. On the other hand, Stuart will be converting the ground floor level of his flat to use as a salon and on the other side; Rolf will be supplying all of the equipment to be used in the salon, the hair-dryers, chairs, sinks etc. on the grounds of partnership they have decided to take a salary of 1500 per month. When it comes to ethics for each other in order to carry the business, they would like an equal say as to how the business is run and hope that any disputes can be settled amicably. However, they also decided a name for their shop and that is A cut above the rest. If they want to turn their business into an LLP then there will prevail a lots advantages and disadvantages which are as follow: When all is said in done partnerships, every member is by and by in charge of the activities of the organization. This incorporates obligations, liabilities and the wrongful demonstrations of different partners. One playing point of a limited liability partnership is the liability insurance it manages. This kind of partnership structure secures individual partners "from individual liability for careless demonstrations of different partners or employees not under their direct control," expresses the SBA. What's more, individual partners are not actually in charge of organization obligations or different commitments. This is beneficial for an individual accomplice when potential claims or cases of carelessness against the business are concerned. Individuals in a partnership pay their own taxes. They fill their own file and they are not liable to pay taxes as a whole. The credits therefore are passed over the partners not to the partnership firm. Limited liability partnership is more fl exible compare to normal partnership agreement. Managerial duties are being set equally depending upon the partners. Bibliography: Andrews N,Contract Law(Cambridge University Press 2011) Anson W,Principles Of The English Law Of Contract And Of Agency In Its Relation To Contract(Clarendon Press 1899) Faure M, 'Liability For Omissions In Tort Law: Economic Analysis' (2011) 2 Journal of European Tort Law Gonzlez PridaDaz V and others, 'Contractual And Quality Aspects On Warranty' (2012) 29 Int J Qual Reliability Mgmt McKendrick E,Contract Law(Palgrave Macmillan 2011) 'Negligence.Defenses. Illegal Act Of Plaintiff' (1913) 27 Harvard Law Review 'Sales.Implied Warranty. Exclusion By Express Warranty' (1914) 28 Harvard Law Review Xie W and Liao H, 'Some Aspects In Estimating Warranty And Post-Warranty Repair Demands' (2013) 60 Naval Research Logistics References Cushway B and Hallsworth I,The Employer's Handbook 2012-13(Kogan Page 2012) Dau-Schmidt K, Harris S and Lobel O,Labor And Employment Law And Economics(Edward Elgar 2009) 'Negligence.Independent Contractor. Liability To Employee' (1917) 5 Virginia Law Review Selwyn N,Law Of Employment(LexisNexis UK 2004) Sumner S, Grau P and Frank B, 'Legal Side: Agency Nurse Vs. IRS: Are You An Employee, An Independent Contractor, Or Both?' (1990) 90 The American Journal of Nursing Sumner S, Grau P and Frank B, 'Agency Nurse Vs. IRS' (1990) 90 AJN, American Journal of Nursing 'Torts: Landowner's Liability To Employee Of Independent Contractor' (1925) 23 Michigan Law Review D, 'Workmen's Compensation: Employer And Employee: Independent Contractor' (1918) 6 California Law Review. Akintoye A and Beck M,Policy, Finance Management For Public-Private Partnership(Wiley-Blackwell 2009) Bean G,Fiduciary Obligations And Joint Ventures(Clarendon Press 1995) 'Partnership. Breach Of Partnership Agreement. Action At Law For Damages' (1922) 22 Columbia Law Review 'Partnership: Essentials: Agreement To Share Profits' (1905) 3 Michigan Law Review Voon T,Trade LiberalisationAnd International Co-Operation Kashyap D and Kashyap A, 'Limited Liability Partnership As Advantage To Small Business: Indian Scenario' SSRN Journal Katz B, 'Defining Partnership' (2007) 29 Emergency Medicine News Neil Andrews,Contract Law(Cambridge University Press 2011). William Reynell Anson,Principles Of The English Law Of Contract And Of Agency In Its Relation To Contract(Clarendon Press 1899). Wei Xie and Haitao Liao, 'Some Aspects In Estimating Warranty And Post-Warranty Repair Demands' (2013) 60 Naval Research Logistics. Vicente Gonzlez PridaDaz and others, 'Contractual And Quality Aspects On Warranty' (2012) 29 Int J Qual Reliability Mgmt. Ewan McKendrick,Contract Law(Palgrave Macmillan 2011). Michael G. Faure, 'Liability For Omissions In Tort Law: Economic Analysis' (2011) 2 Journal of European Tort Law. 'Negligence.Defenses. Illegal Act Of Plaintiff' (1913) 27 Harvard Law Review. Barry Cushway and Ian Hallsworth,The Employer's Handbook 2012-13(Kogan Page 2012). Kenneth G Dau-Schmidt, Seth D Harris and OrlyLobel,Labor And Employment Law And Economics(Edward Elgar 2009). D. J. W., 'Workmen's Compensation: Employer And Employee: Independent Contractor' (1918) 6 California Law Review. 'Negligence.Independent Contractor. Liability To Employee' (1917) 5 Virginia Law Review. Sally M. Sumner, Pamela A. Grau and Barry H. Frank, 'Agency Nurse Vs. IRS' (1990) 90 AJN, American Journal of Nursing. Norman M Selwyn,Law Of Employment(LexisNexis UK 2004). Sally M. Sumner, Pamela A. Grau and Barry H. Frank, 'Legal Side: Agency Nurse Vs. IRS: Are You An Employee, An Independent Contractor, Or Both?' (1990) 90 The American Journal of Nursing. 'Torts: Landowner's Liability To Employee Of Independent Contractor' (1925) 23 Michigan Law Review. 'Partnership: Essentials: Agreement To Share Profits' (1905) 3 Michigan Law Review. AkintolaAkintoye and Matthias Beck,Policy, Finance Management For Public-Private Partnership(Wiley-Blackwell 2009). Gerard M. D Bean,Fiduciary Obligations And Joint Ventures(Clarendon Press 1995). Tania Voon,Trade LiberalisationAnd International Co-Operation. 'Partnership. Breach Of Partnership Agreement. Action At Law For Damages' (1922) 22 Columbia Law Review. Deepak Kashyap and Amit Kumar Kashyap, 'Limited Liability Partnership As Advantage To Small Business: Indian Scenario' SSRN Journal. Barbara Katz, 'Defining Partnership' (2007) 29 Emergency Medicine News.

It273 Unit 3 free essay sample

IT273-01 Networking Concepts Part 1 a. Static Routing b. False c. True d. Firmware e. False Part II Hardware| Function| Installation/Maintenance| Hubs| A hub is a device that takes incoming data and broadcasts it out to all the other devices that are connected to its ports. | Installing a hub is very simple. Basically all you have to do is plug and play. Remember not to plug any cable into the uplink port of the hub because that is used to connect hubs together. Because all a hub does is rebroadcast data, not much configuration is needed. Switches| A switch is like an intelligent hub. A switch can create a record of all the hardware on a network and send data more efficiently. It operates higher up the OSI model than a hub. | In most cases the installation of a switch is fairly easy. Plug the switch in and allow it to boot up. We will write a custom essay sample on It273 Unit 3 or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Make sure that any device that you connect to the switch is turned off. When all the devices are connected, turn them on and in most cases they will be connected to the network. Sometimes special configuration will be needed, but in most simple installations the switch will work right away. Remember to not connect a device other than another connectivity device to the uplink port on the switch. | Routers| A router can connect different types of networks together regardless of certain protocols. Routers operate higher on the OSI model than most switches because they can deal with more complex network traffic. | Because the router is a more advanced device, there are many more options that can be configured on a router. There are many instances where little configuration is needed, but in more advanced installations proper training in routing protocols is needed. On a connection level, routers are very similar to switches when it comes to installation. | Bridges| Bridges operate on the same level of the OSI model as switches, and are basically a simple version of a switch. Each bridge has one input and output, and this is used to filter data going between different network segments. | Bridges are fairly simple to install. Because the function of a bridge is fairly simple, the installation follows suit. They are used to connect different network segments. The input on the bridge would throughput to the output that is connected to the next segment of the network. They require little setup because they build their own lists of devices on the network in order to filter out the data that doesn’t need to go to the next segment. | Part III When it comes to choosing what type of connectivity device to use in your network there are several factors to consider. Network size is one of the most important. Hubs can handle many different kinds of network traffic, but as soon as a network gets to a certain size, it becomes more efficient to use a switch because of the data management properties that switches have. Traffic will move faster with a switch on a larger network, and be more accurate. A router would be brought in if you were to connect two different networks together, say a group of Mac workstations that need to have connectivity with Windows workstations. T, the router is important because it can link together separate networks with different protocols because the router asks like a translator. Switches are a good choice for larger networks because they can manage the traffic and create the best paths for data to flow. This can result in increased network efficiency, but if configured wrong, can also create problems. The hub can be relied upon in all different situations. A small group of nodes can be connected by a hub in a home or small office network. This is a cheap solution to connectivity, but in the event that a network gets large and more complex, it might be worth it to think about getting a switch. Works Cited Dean, T. (2010). Network+ Guide to Networks. Boston: Course Technology.

Mannerist in North and Renaissance Music essays

Mannerist in North and Renaissance Music essays In the visual arts the sixteenth century saw the spread of Italian Renaissance ideas northward. In some cases they were carried by Italian artists like Benvenuto Cellini, who went to work in France. Cellini was Goldsmith to Francis I of France from 1537 to 1545. He completed here his first sculpture, the Salt Cellar. He imparted the monumentality of sculpture to a goldsmith's design. The two langorous somatic types reflect the plethora of stucco work (polished like marble to imitate Roman techniques) produced by Rosso Fiorentino and Francesco Primaticcio at Fontainebleau. The style of the School of Fontainebleau and Italian Maniera is characterized by an elongation and abstraction of the poised rather than moving body, creating an unnatural elegance and sophistication. The cellar's iconography reads like a programme for sculpture. The goddess of earth, holding her breast and a cornucopia to signify her nutritive powers, is flanked by a miniature Ionic temple for pepper corns. The go d of the sea (Neptune), with trident and shell chariot, is flanked by a boat for salt. The elaborate ebony base is decorated with cartouches of reclining figures. They represent the four times of day alternating with four winds of seasons. Practical yet capricious, the cellar is a Mannerist masterpiece. Unfortunately, it was stolen from the museum and its present whereabouts is unknown. Some major northern artists, like Albrecht Drer, actually traveled to Italy. DÂ ¸rer's art was strongly influenced by Italian theories of perspective, proportion, and color, although he retained the strong interest in line typical of northern art. But not all his contemporaries showed the same interest in Italian styles. Matthias Grnewald's paintings do not show Renaissance concerns for humanism and ideal beauty; instead, they draw on traditional medieval German art to project the artist's own passionate religious beliefs, formed against the background of the...

Comparison between The Given Day and The Short Happy Life of Francis Essay

Comparison between The Given Day and The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber - Essay Example The Theme of Masculinity Masculinity is the dominant theme in Hemingway’s short story. His works are always repleted with masculine pursuits like war, sports and hunting. In The short happy life of Francis Macomber, he also depicts a masculine setting in which all the characters are engaged in an African Safari. They are involved in lion hunting, controlling the buffalos and things like that. The protagonist has decided to be a part of Safari in mid-thirties and seems to have achieved his sense of manhood in this specific part of his life. â€Å"Wilson considers that Macomber has been reborn into manhood, for the latter’s transformation is more of a change than any loss of virginity. Fear gone like an operation† (Strychacz 14). Though the show of cowardice in lion-hunting episode temporarily snatches from him this sense of fulfillment but he regains this sense when he engages with the buffalo. â€Å"We seem on firmer interpretive ground with the assertion that i n the final scenes Macomber becomes a fully self-controlled and self-determined man† (Strychacz 16). The whole prologue of The Given Day also encompasses a masculine pursuit of baseball games in which the writer has imagined a baseball game between legends of America. Lack of Female Characters The prologue to the Given Day is devoid of any female characters and there is no specific mention of any feminine pursuit or activity. All that has been described belongs to the domain of man. On the other hand, Hemingway’s story presents Margot, â€Å"an extremely handsome and well-kept woman of the beauty† giving the story at least a feminine touch but the overall setting and the situation diminishes her womanhood and we find her engaged in masculine pursuits along with her husband ( Hemingway 2). Minute Detail Both the works beautifully describe the characters and setting and the writers give minute details of the incident that happen during the course of the story. Hemi ngway’s description of the hunting episodes show that the writer is giving a realistic account of the event and is well acquainted with the rules of the â€Å"game†. The minuteness is visible even in the description of characters. Wilson’s character has been described as a man who â€Å" was about middle height with sandy hair, a stubby mustache, a very red face and extremely cold blue eyes with faint white wrinkles at the corners that grooved merrily when he smiled† ( Hemingway 2). Similarly, Lehane’s immaculate detail of the baseball hint towards writer’s minute observation of the sport. Following is the fine example of his descriptive style† The ball hadn’t finished arcing toward the right fielder’s feet (Ruth knew he’d miss it before he did) and the whippet was already rounding first. When the ball hit the grass, the right fielder bare-handed it and didn’t so much as stutter step before planned and let h er loose† ( Lehane 11). Game in Both of the Works Game is the key word in both of the pieces, though the connotations are different in both of the stories. In Hemingway’s story game takes the form of hunting and acts as a unifying force between the otherwise conflicting interests. Similar the unifying force in the Lehane’s prologue is the game of baseball which brings together the people who are involved in emotional

Thermodynamics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Thermodynamics - Essay Example work (W) is made of electrical work (We,in), paddle-wheel work (Wpw,in), and boundary work (Wb) and for a piston – cylinder setup with insulation, ‘Q’ zeroes out (since there would be ‘no heat transfer’ between the system and its surroundings). Hot exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine are to be used to produce saturated water vapour at 2 MPa pressure. The exhaust gases enter the heat exchanger at 400ï‚ °C at a rate of 32 kg/min while water enters at 15ï‚ °C. The heat exchanger is not well insulated, and it is estimated that 10% of heat given up by the exhaust gases is lost to the surroundings. If the mass flow rate of the exhaust is 15 times that of water, determine: An air-conditioning system involves the mixing of cold air and warm outdoor air before the mixture is routed to the conditioned room in steady operation. Cold air enters the mixing chamber at 5ï‚ °C and 105 kPa at a rate of 1.25 m3/s while warm air enters at 34ï‚ °C and 105 kPa. The air leaves the room at 24ï‚ °C. The ratio of the mass flow rates of the hot to cold air streams is 1.6. Using variable specific heats,

Large Female Nude by Pablo Picasso Research Paper

Large Female Nude by Pablo Picasso - Research Paper Example The paper "Large Female Nude by Pablo Picasso" analyzes one of the most important artworks of the cubist Pablo Picasso. The picture this artwork shows is the outline of an overweight woman. The outline is filled with smaller lines that follow the lines of her muscles except in the area of her stomach. In this area, the lines move horizontal across her middle. The way these lines are drawn makes it look like the woman is moving and add energy to the art. The lines on the right side of the painting are light-colored and the lines on the left side of the painting are darker which makes the woman seem like she is not so flat, because the light is shading her. It looks like the woman is dancing because she has her hands held up on top of her head and one leg is positioned behind her with the knee bent. The other leg is straight, but it looks like it is facing me because the toes are in front. This makes me think I can see her from the front and from the side at the same time. The woman's face is turned toward the darker side of the painting and she has long, dark hair that falls over her shoulder and between her breasts. One of her breasts is straight toward me but the other is seen from the side but the one that is straight toward me is not on the side with the leg that is straight toward me. There is a light area of brown around the body of the woman, but it is wider along her dark side. This same solid brown color fills the area between her legs and the space between her face and her dark arm. There is a floor under her feet which is a wavy light line, but the rest of the artwork space is black. This artwork is described as a reduction linocut, which means that it was made in a special way. Instead of painting like most of his work, Picasso cut the image into a block and then paint was put on the block and a piece of paper was put on top of that and rubbed until the design moved onto the paper. To make this have more than one color, Picasso had to cut the block t o make the background brown color of the woman and print it. The black parts would be the part of the block that he cut away and the brown part that outlines the woman would be the parts that stayed. Then he would need to cut out more of the block to show more details of the woman like the lighter color lines. If you look carefully, you can see that some of these lines go over the darker brown lines which means that they were printed after the darker lines. It is called reduction linocut because the artist has to keep reducing, or cutting away, the block in order to make the print. Even though these lines were already there in the darker brown, having to pull the block away in order to cut more of the lines away would have meant that it wouldn't be put in exactly the same place the next time when the lighter lines were being made. There is another tricky thing about this way of making art. Even though the woman is facing one way when I look at her, Picasso had to cut her like a mirr or image in order to make her look the direction he wanted her to look. One of the reasons artists might use this way of making art is that they can make more than one copy of an image quickly, but they can still limit the number of artworks they print. Once the block has been carved the second time, no more new prints can be made. The style of the artwork that Picasso uses for this woman is the primitive style, which was a style that he made popular. In his work, Picasso wanted to show emotions without

Consumer Decision Rule Are Procedures Marketing Essay

Consumer Decision Rule Are Procedures Marketing Essay Introduction Consumer purchasing process theory is a critical component of marketing strategy. Consumer purchasing behavior can be complicated and understanding it is the essential working of effective marketing management. Before consumers make decision to purchase products, they estimate carefully about their thinking. Managers can guess consumers decision process such as Problem recognition, information search, and evaluation criteria. Body The first step is Problem recognition or Need recognition. Problem recognition is that consumers decide problems to be solved and have desires that they wish to satisfy. The consumer considers a significant difference between his or her current state of affairs and some desired or ideal state (Solomon Rabolt, 2003)1. Consumer try to compare between their desired consumer lifestyle that would like to live and feel, and current situation that is temporary factors affecting the consumer. If the consumer has a big gap between desired consumer lifestyle and current situation, they will purchase a product for satisfying the desire. However, if the gab is no different or they do not care about the problem, they will not purchase the product. Nowadays, telephone companies are attracting consumers to purchase by their new products which provide many kind of function. For instance, Businessmen tend to need using mobile phone nowadays in the society and the companies provide many useful functions for them. The new functions can help them to check business e-mails or checking business information on internet. If businessmen do not have a mobile phone, they will not be able to contact other business partners and other people think the businessmen is a dropout. Therefore, having a mobile phone is necessary for them, and having new phone can be fashion and trend for young businessmen. So they will consider purchasing the mobile phone as smart phone. Nowadays, we also can see other case of purchasing the phone in the school. According to Amanda Lenhart, 23percentage of all those ages 12-17 mention that they have a smartphone and ownership is highest among older teens: 31% of those ages 14-17 have a smartphone, compared with just 8% of youth ages 12-13 in America(Amanda Lenhart, 2012)2. If many class mates are having a mobile phone, it can highly affect the students who do not have a phone to desire having smart phone. One of them might be able to ask their parents to purchase it. On the other hands, desire of buying mobile phone and smart phone for most old people will be lower than the young people because they are not used to have mobile phone. Having a mobile phone and new functions in smart phone are unnecessary for them and they can be satisfied their life without mobile phone. It means the old people satisfied about their actual state as their old phone will not consider about it. Like these three different groups has different desire and thinking about the same product. If the Businessman and the students parents consider buying a smart phone, they will move to next stage is information research. Next stage is information search. Information search is when the consumers search the needed information for solving problem or desire. The consumer recollects their own past experience in their memory and it might provide the consumer with adequate information to make the present choice. In addition, The making decisions are based on the personal experience is internal source, and marketing and noncommercial information is external sources. For example, the businessman will remind what they know about new smart phone, compare brands of smart phone. If they do not have enough information or they have not had the phone, they will collect information from external sources as family and friend, internet, and advertisements. Their collect information value and spending time for collecting the information is depending on their free time to search, and how mobile phone is important and interesting to them. Finally, if the businessman is satisfied with information of smart phone, they will move to next stage. However, sometimes searching information also can be negative effect. If the students parents can spend long hours to check and collected many information, the parents can see negative side of smart phone like there are a lot of game application in smart phone, and the phone influence student to spend a lot of time for chatting with their friends whenever they want. The parents will be able to tend to consider about the negative sides and not to purchase it to their children. There is one more negative side of information research it is a failure. According to Leon G.Schiffman, search regret can have a damaging effect on retailers, because in this pilot study store blame and self-blame were not significantly correlated with each other(2010, Leon G.Schiffman, Leslie Lazar Kanuk)3. Thus, information search can be both negative and positive. Next stage is alternative evaluation. After consumer collect information, they compare the relevant and feasible alternatives has been gathered, the decision can be made. The evaluative criteria is the various features a consumer looks for in response to a particular problem. According to Engel, Blackwell, and Miniard, evaluative criteria is defined as the standards and specifications used by consumers to compare different products and brands. Evaluative criteria play an important role in the evaluation stage of the decision making process (Engel J.F, Blackwell, R.D and Miniard, P.W, 1993)4. For example, before purchasing a smart phone, the businessman might want to evaluate cost, function, design, display size, brand, and warranty. Evaluative criteria can differ in type, number and importance. If the businessman can decide to purchase a smart phone, they terminate information search, and they make a list of brand or models from which they plan to make their selection. The criteria t hey will use to evaluate each brand or model as Evoked Set, Inert Set, and Inept Set. Evoked set is the specific brands or models a business man considers to purchase within a particular product category. Inert Set is second choice of brands or models of smart phone because they are felt to be unacceptable or they are seen as inferior. Last list is Inert Set, which consists of brands or models the consumer is indifferent toward because they cannot obtain any advantage from smart phone like a smart phones for student, or silver phone for old people. The two kind of smart phones are not suitable to the businessman and the phones can be in list of Inert set. But, if they are still not sure which one they want to buy, they will search information again. If the businessman decides to purchase a smart phone Conclusion We can understand that consumer has different taste, and want depend on their occupation. Their decision ways is very complex. However, marketing managers can guess consumers purchasing decision by the purchasing process. Question2 Introduction Making decision to purchase a product is the last step for consumers and the consumers can use Consumer decision rules such as Compensatory and Non-compensatory decision rules. Consumer decision rule is procedures used by consumers to facilitate brand or other consumption-related choice. These rules provide consumers decision guidelines or routines to reduce the burden of making complex decisions. Body According to Leon G. Schiffman and Lesilie Lazar Kanuk, there are two consumer decision rules. Compensatory decision rules are that allows a positive estimate of a brand on one attribute to balance out a disadvantage point on other attributes. Non-compensatory decision rules are that do not allow consumers to balance positive evaluations of a brand on one attribute against a negative evaluation on other attributes. In addition, there are three Non-compensatory rules such as the conjunctive rule, the disjunctive rule, and the lexicographic rule. The Conjunctive decision rule is consumers evaluate a separate, minimally acceptable level such a cutoff point for each attribute. If a product a negative point, the point is ignored from future consideration. The disjunctive rule is the same with the Conjunctive rule. In applying the rule, the consumers evaluate a separate, minimally acceptable cutoff level for each attribute which should be better than the one normally established for a conj unctive rule. If a point meets the cutoff established for any one attribute, it is accepted. The Lexicographic decision rule is that the best ranks the attributes in terms of the single attribute that is considered most important. If an option scores sufficiently high on this the best rank attribute, it is chosen and the process ends (Leon G. Schiffman, Leslie Lazar Kanuk, 2010)5. In my case, I purchase a product by the lexicographic decision rule in Non-compensatory decision rules. For instance, there are four different brand of mobile phone as IPhone 4Gs, Sony Ericsson Xperia Arc X12, Samsung Galaxy S3, and BlackBerry Torch 9860. I will check Price, CPU in General, Camera video, 3G/4G Speed in Connective, and Screen. According to GadGetbook, the most expensive price of mobile phone is IPhone around RM2199~RM2799 and the lowest cost one is Blackberry around RM1400~RM1600. Therefore, I marked each mobile phone, Samsung Gelexy3 is 7 point, IPhone4Gs is 6 point, Sony is 9, and Blackb erry is 10 point. Price of the Sony and Blackberry is much cheaper than Samsung Geluxy3 and IPhone. However, Both the Sony and the Blackberry does not have other special feature. The two mobiles CPU, Camera Video, and Connective get low marks among the phones. Especially, Sony provides a poor quality of connective. High speed of Connecting 3G and 4G is the most important point for me because I need to use applications such as Skype which provide free call and video call. If speed of connective is slow, I will get a lot of lack while I am doing the calls with my family and friends (Gadgetbook ,2010)6. Conclusion As my result show chart of hypothetical Ratings for mobile phone*, both the highest connective performance and the highest total mark is Samsung Galaxy3. Hence, I will purchase Samsung Galaxy 3 without *Hypothetical Ratings for Mobile phone IPhone 4GS Sony Ericsson Xperia Arc X12 Samsung Galaxy3 BlackBerry Torch 9860 Price RM2199~2799 ( 6 ) RM1550~1650 ( 9 ) RM2050~2150 ( 7 ) RM1400~1600 ( 10 ) General(CPU) dual-core 1GHz (9) 1GHz scorpion (7) Quad-core 1.4 GHz (10) 1.2 GHz QC 8655 (8) Camera Video 8MP 32642448 [emailprotected] (10) 8MP 32642448 [emailprotected] (9) 8MP 32642448 [emailprotected] (10) 5 MP 2592ц¦1944 720p (7) Connective HSDPA: 14.4 Mbps HSUPA: 5.8 Mbps (8) HSDPA: 7.2 Mbps HSUPA: 5.8 Mbps (6) HSDPA: 21 Mbps HSUPA: 5.76 Mbps (10) HSDPA: 14.4 Mbps HSUPA: 5.76 Mbps (8) Screen 640 x 960 3.5 inches (9) 480 x 854 4.2 inches (8) 720 x 1280 4.8 inches (10) 480 x 800 pixels 3.7 inches (7) Total 42 39 47 40 Question3. Introduction There is no debt that mobile phone is very important for people and me. Most people, nowadays, cannot live without a mobile phone in the society and Mobile phone supports our life to be better with their many functions. Body When I was in Korea, mobile phone was not a so important thing for me and I thought I do not need to buy an expensive high function of mobile phone as camera phone although most of my friend was having them. Therefore, I had a cheap and classic phone as no color phones. However, after coming to Malaysia, my thinking about mobile phone was totally changed because of my situation it is studying abroad. First day in Malaysia, I did not have any friend in here and I realized I need a mobile phone for talking with my family and friends who are in Korea. But I could not call to them whenever I want because of too high phone bill. Thus, I desired to solve the problem. One day, my sister introduced about IPhone that I can use free call and free message through using IPhone application in WIFI zone. The function made me to be excited about smart phone. Actually, I had not thought that I would purchase smart phone that is expensive. Finally, I bought Iphone3 and my life was changed by IPhone a nd the special functions. The first change thing is that I can have more talking and chatting times with my family and friends thanks to the free call and free message application. Even father learnt using smart phone and he often send me message. If I did not have a mobile phone, I would not be able to contact my family, and Korean friends. It seems to me that it is the greatest wonderful advantage for me. Second change thing is that I use other a lot of applications and functions as camera and video in mobile phone and they are very helpful for me. I can take a picture by the mobile phone and upload on Facebook. I can read electronic books and playing games for time killing whenever I want. Conclusion The mobile companies improve their technology and they catch what consumers want and need for attracting customers to purchase. Having a mobile phone becomes one of new culture in the society. I am also affected it. When I was young, having a mobile phone was unnecessary for me and I could not know about advantage of mobile phone. It means that Classic phones could not attract me to have. However, I cannot live without my phone now because of new functions of mobile phone and I need them for my modern life. 1. Solomon, M.R., Rabolt, N.J. (2003). Consumer behavior in fashion (1st ed.). Upper , Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. p.356. 2. Amanda Lenhart, 2012, Teens Smartphones Texting, http://pewinternet.org/Reports/2012/Teens-and-smartphones.aspx 3. (2010, Leon G.Schiffman, Leslie Lazar Kanuk)2. Consumer behavior- prepurchase search, P.486.) 4. Engel, J.F., Blackwell, R.D., Miniard, P.W. (1993). Consumer Behavior (7th ed.). P.51. 5. Leon G. Schiffman, Leslie Lazar Kanuk, 2010, Consumer behavior, Consumer decision Rules, page 491~page492 6. (Gadgetbook ,2010) http://mobilemegamall.com/gadgets/Mobile-Phone-Price-Malaysia-10.html

Depleting Ozone and Its Effect on Society Essay -- Environment

Depleting Ozone and Its Effect on Society Is there a reason for us to be concerned? Can ozone depletion really be connected to something that is truly harmful to humans? How are we directly affected by ozone depletion? How much do we actually know about the ozone and the things that are going on in the atmosphere? There are many questions that arise when talking about the ozone depletion in relation to skin cancer. Today both environmentalists and researchers alike focus on the increasingly dangerous affect that ultraviolet radiation has on present day society. In order to understand how the ozone affects us we must first understand what the ozone is. What is the ozone? The ozone’s essential duty is to protect society from harmful ultraviolet rays by acting as a filter. The ozone is a layer in the middle of the stratosphere that protects the earth from the harmful ultraviolet radiation emitted by the sun. The ozone layer acts as a shield and prevents the sun’s deadly ultraviolet rays from penetrating to the sur face of the earth. The ozone layer protects humans in ways that are difficult to predict The main reason that the ozone is depleting is because of the very nature of human activity. The ozone is being destroyed by chlorofluorocarbons. Chlorofluorocarbons, widely know as CFC’s, are a human-made chemicals that are composed of carbon, chlorine and fluorine atoms. It is the chlorine in chlorofluorocarbons that breaks down the molecule in the ozone causing it to slowly deplete. It is this man-made chemical been the main cause of ozone depletion high up in the atmosphere. There are several different types of CFCs. They were first developed in the 1930s, and since then have been widely used in refrigerators, aerosol cans and ... ...ting because it is the ozone layer that protects us from the very deadly and dangerous ultraviolet rays of the sun. It is very pertinent that our society recognizes that the ozone is thinning and that it is imperative that we take action, no matter how difficult it may be, so that the safety of future generations is ensured. Works Cited Books Gore, Albert. Earth in the Balance. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2000. Harper, Charles L. Environment and Society:Human Perspective on Environmental Issues. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, 2001. Aguado, Edward. Burt, James E. Understanding Weather and Climate. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2007. Internet http://www.epa.gov/ozone/science/effects.html http://www.ciesin.org/docs/001-503/001-503.html http://www.umich.edu/~gs265/society/ozone.html http://www.who.int/uv/publications/proUVrad.pdf

Iga Dc and Hard Rock Cafe Op Man

To compete in today's global markets, organizations strive to deliver their products and services in both an efficient and effective manner. A critical component in this effort is the design and coordination of the supply and distribution strategies in supply chain companies and the service quality in the service industry. Based on a site visit to the IGA Distribution Centre, below are be comparisons between the IGA National Distribution Centre and the well known popular Hard Rock Cafe. TRANSFORMATION PROCESS Both companies follow the same traditional Production System model with inputs relating to money and labour with the same outputs resulting in producing a good or service. However if we compare the transformation processes, both companies have different objectives especially in the output result as IGA’s output is based on tangible goods and Hard Rock Cafe is based on service being an intangible good. IGA Transformation Process focuses on a ‘locational’ transformation which refers to transportation and delivering items to its destination. INPUTS †¢Money– capital †¢Staff – staff to service customers and cook food Ingredients – Food items to be prepared †¢Machine – Kitchens and food machines †¢Method – cooking the food and serving the customer TRANSFORMATION PROCESS †¢This part of the process is where the inputs will be utilised to create the output. In IGA’s case, the products will be picked using e ither the automated picking system or the manual voice picking system. The products are then picked and put into their coded boxes ready to be scanned and dispatched. The boxes are then loaded onto the trucks ready for delivery to its destination. OUTPUT †¢Goods are delivered to IGA stores on time. Hard Rock Cafe Transformation Process focuses on an ‘exchange’ transformation with refers to a service and experience being provided. INPUTS †¢Money– capital †¢Staff – staff to service customers and cook food †¢Ingredients – Food items to be prepared †¢Machine – Kitchens and food machines †¢Method – cooking the food and serving the customer TRANSFORMATION PROCESS †¢This part of the process is where the inputs will be utilised to create the output. In Hard Rock Cafe’s case, waiter takes the customer’s order, Chef prepares and cooks food and waiter then delivers the meal to the customer. OUTPUT †¢Meals on the table on time. MEASURING CUSTOMER SATISFACTION Hard Rock Cafe has existed for the past 37 years and has grown from a modest London pub to an international phenomenon in the service industry with a market share of 121 cafes across the world with 5 hotels and casinos. As time has changed and higher demands, chef’s at Hard Rock Cafe are modifying the classic menu from American Burgers and chicken wings to include higher end meals such as stuffed veal chops and lobster tails. They’ve also adjusted their menus along with layouts, memorabilia, services and strategies. With amount of meals they serve per day, to keep up the operational requirements and customer satisfaction Hard Rock Cafe conducts surveys on a regular basis to evaluate quality of food and service at the cafe. Scores are rated on a scale of 1 to 7, and according to management if the score is not a 7, the food or service is a failure. This can be done within the restaurant of online at their website www. hardrock. com which receives over 100,000 hits per week. In contrast to IGA there any major differences as one company specialises in the service industry and the other transportation and logistics. IGA national supermarket chain that currently has 1,349 stores Australia wide and the largest banner group of independent retailers, which include FoodWorks and Ritchies. IGA currently holds a market share of 35% including FoodWorks and Ritchies (2,140 stores). Customer satisfaction is an essential part of IGA’s operational strategy as it measures productivity and efficiency. Like Hard Rock Cafe, IGA conducts surveys on a regular basis with customer’s (stores) and also has meetings with the operational managers who seek feedback from the store managers. After the site visit, at the reception area was a Customer Service Level Board with sites and stores listed and statistics separated into three categories Grocery, Perishable and General Merchandise. This data highlighted their service level agreements with stores and it also illustrated their achievements in meeting those targets. According Roy Morgan Research Company, 85% of IGA customers were satisfied for the 6 months average leading up to January 2010. Roy Morgan Single Source (Australia): September 2004 – January 2010. FORECASTING With the growth of Hard Rock Cafe of more than 110 restaurants in more than 40 countries, it was imperative that better forecasting techniques be implemented. Hard Rock Cafe uses all three types of forecasting methods. †¢Long range – setting a capacity plan †¢Intermediate term – locking in contracts for leather goods e. g leather jackets and food items such as beef, chicken and pork. †¢Short term – sales forecasts conducted on a monthly basis by the cafe and then sent to headquarters for analysis. The techniques used is regression analysis and weighted moving averages which is conducted in a time span of 3 years and the weights applied are 20, 40, 40 from the earliest year to the latest year. Hard Rock Cafe forecasts are based on previous years such as finding out which foods were preferred in the previous years and add them to the menu. Hard Rock’s forecast for sales is mainly based on point-of-sale (POS) system which captures transaction data on nearly every person that walks through the door. The entree sale represents one customer and the entree sales are then sent to headquarters database. From there the general managers of individual cafes access the database to prepare a daily forecast for their site. The cafe manager can also obtain data from prior years sales for that particular day and prepare for additional upcoming events such as major conventions or sporting events which will boost sales. The daily forecast can then be further broken down into an hourly forecast which allows for employee scheduling, Hard Rock Cafe does not limit its use of forecasting tools to sales. Information obtained from the site visit at IGA’s National Distribution Centre was quite limited in terms of forecasting. IGA also adopts three types of forecasting methods. †¢Long range – setting a capacity plan †¢Intermediate term – locking in contracts with the truck drivers to deliver goods †¢Short term – delivery and sales forecasts conducted on a daily and monthly basis IGA’s NDC forecast is mainly based on the data obtained from the Miniload (automated storage and retrieval system). This system holds 11,000 conventional reserve locations with 60,000 totes to hold items with an hourly pick rate of 350+ picks. However data is also obtained from the conventional voice system which holds 5,500 SKU’s and 11,000 reserves with a pick rate of 100 cartons per hour. The automated system will hold up to 8 days of stock and when levels reach 4 days of stock, a notification will be sent to computer system. IGA forecasts demand by looking at data history from previous years based on people’s habits, trends and seasonal times of the year. Organisational Chart Inventory holdings Managing Inventory is a crucial aspect for both the IGA DC and the Hard Rock Cafe. When it comes to inventory holding there are two main types we think of; †¢Just In Time (JIT) †¢Material Requirement Planning(MRP) MRP has been described by Heizer and Render (2010) a dependent demand technique that uses a bill of material, inventory, expected receipts, and a master production schedule to determine material requirements. This is commonly used in the manufacturing industry as for their constant need of materials arriving when they are needed and reduce the holding of excess inventory. JIT on the other time is said to be a Heizer and Render (2010) philosophy of continuing improvement and enforced problem solving. JIT systems are designed to produce or deliver goods just as they are needed. JIT is related to quality in three ways †¢JIT cuts the cost of quality †¢JIT improves quality †¢Better quality means less inventory and a better; easier to employ a JIT system. The software management tool used for Inventory holdings at IGA DC is used on a dallas system Key features and functions include: †¢The purchase command centre which like the sales command centre provides the one screen view and summary of all the purchase order activities and their status. Automated purchase order generation utilising the re-order points set for each product †¢Full stock level and stock movement tracking †¢Simple and efficient stocktake procedures Where they run on a plan which is of an 8 day stock inventory and when stock reaches 50% they place the reorder, to maintain inventory levels. When looking at The Hard Rock Cafe we must remember that unlike IGA DC it deals with food and mercha ndise but also has 40 million dollars invested in rock n roll memorabilia, which is managed my Pete Beaudraul, CEO in Florida. Management of quality The company’s commitment to its employees at every level, clear communication channels, regular briefings and an emphasis on training programs has reinforced the core values of the company and contributed to the rising status of the Metcash Group. The company policy with regards to product safety and quality is to provide safe and quality foods that exceed the consumer expectations and meet the legislative and regulatory requirements. Ensures product safety and quality by: approving suppliers based on the vendor assurance program generally HACCP certified suppliers †¢conducting regular supplier audits †¢conducting regular internal audits †¢conducting product assessments (including microbiological, chemical testing, shelf life validation) †¢ensuring that all staff have the required training to perform their tasks †¢reviewing product performance- i. e. customer complaints, trends analysis †¢conducting regular management reviews Menu review Surveys Kitchen, bar, retail shop layout and equipment maintenance Supply chain interactions ( suppliers- manufacturer- dealers- retailers- customers) Supply Chain Management Hard Rock work with qualified suppliers to ensure fresh, quality meals Menu item selection depends on supplying right amount of ingredients from qualified suppliers on time References †¢Operations Management, 9th Edition Heizer and Render †¢Operations Management Chapter 1, Lecture Notes †¢IGA Distribution Centre notes and site visit †¢http://www. roymorganonlinestore. com/News/1030—Coles-improve-in-Customer-Satisfaction-whil. aspx †¢www. hardrock. com

The Iron Heel Study Guide

The Iron Heel Study Guide The Iron Heel  is an early dystopian novel published in 1908 by Jack London. London is best known for his man-against-nature novels like  The Call of the Wild  and  White Fang, so  The Iron Heel  is often  considered a departure from his usual output.   The Iron Heel  is written from the first-person perspective of a female protagonist, and  it includes a  presentation of London’s socialist political ideals, both of which were unusual for its time. The book addresses Londons belief that unionized labor and socialist political movements would rise to challenge the traditional capitalist power base. Later writers such as George Orwell often explicitly mention The Iron Heel as an influence on their own works. Plot The novel begins with a foreword written by Anthony Meredith in the 419 BOM (Brotherhood of Man), approximately the 27th century. Meredith discusses the Everhard Manuscript as a historical document, composed by Avis Everhard and describing the events of 1912 through 1932. Meredith warns that the manuscript is riddled with errors of fact, but insists on its value as a firsthand account of those â€Å"terrible times.† Meredith notes that the manuscript, written by Avis Everhard, cannot be considered objective because she is writing about her own husband and was herself too close to the events to have objectivity. In the Everhard Manuscript proper, Avis describes meeting her future husband, socialist activist Ernest Everhard. She finds him poorly groomed, self-righteous, and irritating. Ernest argues that the American system of economics is based on the abuse and poor treatment (in other words, the exploitation) of labor, and that the ordinary workers who keep everything going suffer terribly. Avis initially does not agree, but later she conducts her own investigation of Ernest’s claims and is shocked to discover she   concurs with his assessment. As Avis becomes close to Ernest, her father and a family friend (Dr. John Cunningham and Bishop Moorehouse) also begin to agree with his ideas. All four key characters begin to work for the socialist causes. As a result, the oligarchs who own and run the country under the guise of capitalism and democracy move to ruin them all. Dr. Cunningham loses his teaching job and his home. Bishop Moorehouse is found to be clinically insane and is committed to an asylum. Ernest wins election as a Representative in Congress, but is framed as a conspirator in a terrorist plot and is sent to prison, along with Avis. Avis is released some months later, followed by Ernest. The two flee into hiding and begin plotting a revolution. Before action can be taken, the government and oligarchs- which Ernest collectively calls The Iron Heel- form a private army, legitimized by the weak government. This private army sets in motion a false-flag riot in Chicago. The private army, called the Mercenaries, violently crushes the riot, killing many and using brutal tactics. Bishop Moorehouse, escaped from captivity, is killed in the riot. At the end of the novel, Avis writes optimistically about the plans for a second uprising that Ernest is certain will succeed. However, as the reader knows from Meredith’s forward, this second uprising will fail, and The Iron Heel will rule the country for centuries until the final revolution that forms the Brotherhood of Man. The manuscript ends suddenly, and Meredith explains that Avis Everhard hid the book because she knew she was about to be arrested. Major Characters Anthony Meredith. A historian from the far future, reading and making notes on the so-called Everhard Manuscript. He is condescending and chauvinistic towards Avis and often corrects her; however, his remarks reveal his limited understanding of the early 20th  century era that he studies. The reader  gets to know Meredith mainly through his marginalia, which adds detail and context to the novel. Avis Everhard. Born  into wealth, Avis is initially dismissive of the plight of the working class. Over the course of her manuscript, however, she begins to see her younger self as naive and childish, and she becomes a fierce proponent of revolution. There is evidence that Avis is not entirely reliable and that her core attitudes have not entirely changed; she often uses disrespectful language to describe the working classes even as she is speaking the language of revolution. Ernest Everhard. A passionate believer in socialism, Ernest is shown to be intelligent, physically powerful, and a courageous public speaker. Meredith implies that Ernest Everhard was merely one of many key people in the early days of the revolution, suggesting that Avis may  be romanticizing Ernest throughout her manuscript. Most critics believe Ernest represents London himself and his core beliefs. Dr. John Cunningham. Avis’ father, a celebrated academic and scientist. He is initially a supporter of the status quo, but slowly becomes convinced of  Ernest’s cause. He loses his status in society as a result and later disappears; Avis suspects he is kidnapped by the government. Bishop Moorehouse. A minister who undergoes a similar change in views  as Dr. Cunningham, eventually giving his life in the effort to resist the oligarchy. Literary Style The Iron Heel is a work of dystopian fiction. Dystopian fiction  presents a universe that is at odds with the author’s beliefs and attitudes; in this case, the dystopian aspect comes from a world run by capitalist oligarchs who exploit the working class, abuse the poor, and ruthlessly destroy critics. The novel is also considered a work of soft science fiction, because although it makes no mention of advanced technology, it is centered around a setting 700 years ahead of the date of its composition. London used a series of nested points-of-view in the novel, each with a different degree of  reliability. On the surface is the frame story of Dr. Meredith, who writes from the future and examines a work of historical importance. He presents himself as a trusted authority, but some of his commentary includes factual errors about 20th century history that would be obvious to the reader, which undermines his reliability. The next point of view is that of Avis Everhard, the narrator of the manuscript that makes up the bulk of the text of the novel. Her reliability comes into question when she implies that her statements about her husband are subjective, as well as when she makes seemingly contemptuous comments about the political cause she professes to support. Finally, the perspective of Ernest Everhard is provided when his speeches are included in the text. These speeches seem reliable due to their word-for-word nature, but Avis unreliability makes the reader less certain.   London also employs a technique known as a false document: a  fictional work that is presented to the reader as a factual one. This conceit allows London to add complexity to a novel that might otherwise be a straightforward political tract.  The Iron Heel  contains two intertwined, multilayered false documents  (Avis’ manuscript and Meredith’s gloss on that manuscript). This combination a complex mystery concerning whose perspective is closest to the truth. Jack London was charged several times over the course of his career with plagiarism. Chapter 7 of The Iron Heel, The Bishop’s Vision, is an essay written by Frank Harris. London did not deny that he  copied the speech verbatim, but he claimed that he believed it was a speech delivered by an actual bishop. Key Quotes â€Å"It is far easier to see brave men die than to hear a coward beg for life.† - Avis Everhardâ€Å"No man can be intellectually insulted. Insult, in its very nature, is emotional.† - Ernest Everhardâ€Å"Times have changed since Christs day. A rich man to-day who gives all he has to the poor is crazy. There is no discussion. Society has spoken.† - Ernest Everhard Iron Heel Fast Facts Title: Iron HeelAuthor: Jack LondonDate Published: 1908Publisher: MacmillanLiterary Genre: Dystopian Science FictionLanguage: EnglishThemes: Socialism and social revolution.Characters: Anthony Meredith, Avis Everhard, Ernest Everhard, John Cunningham, Bishop Moorehouse.