It273 Unit 3 free essay sample

IT273-01 Networking Concepts Part 1 a. Static Routing b. False c. True d. Firmware e. False Part II Hardware| Function| Installation/Maintenance| Hubs| A hub is a device that takes incoming data and broadcasts it out to all the other devices that are connected to its ports. | Installing a hub is very simple. Basically all you have to do is plug and play. Remember not to plug any cable into the uplink port of the hub because that is used to connect hubs together. Because all a hub does is rebroadcast data, not much configuration is needed. Switches| A switch is like an intelligent hub. A switch can create a record of all the hardware on a network and send data more efficiently. It operates higher up the OSI model than a hub. | In most cases the installation of a switch is fairly easy. Plug the switch in and allow it to boot up. We will write a custom essay sample on It273 Unit 3 or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Make sure that any device that you connect to the switch is turned off. When all the devices are connected, turn them on and in most cases they will be connected to the network. Sometimes special configuration will be needed, but in most simple installations the switch will work right away. Remember to not connect a device other than another connectivity device to the uplink port on the switch. | Routers| A router can connect different types of networks together regardless of certain protocols. Routers operate higher on the OSI model than most switches because they can deal with more complex network traffic. | Because the router is a more advanced device, there are many more options that can be configured on a router. There are many instances where little configuration is needed, but in more advanced installations proper training in routing protocols is needed. On a connection level, routers are very similar to switches when it comes to installation. | Bridges| Bridges operate on the same level of the OSI model as switches, and are basically a simple version of a switch. Each bridge has one input and output, and this is used to filter data going between different network segments. | Bridges are fairly simple to install. Because the function of a bridge is fairly simple, the installation follows suit. They are used to connect different network segments. The input on the bridge would throughput to the output that is connected to the next segment of the network. They require little setup because they build their own lists of devices on the network in order to filter out the data that doesn’t need to go to the next segment. | Part III When it comes to choosing what type of connectivity device to use in your network there are several factors to consider. Network size is one of the most important. Hubs can handle many different kinds of network traffic, but as soon as a network gets to a certain size, it becomes more efficient to use a switch because of the data management properties that switches have. Traffic will move faster with a switch on a larger network, and be more accurate. A router would be brought in if you were to connect two different networks together, say a group of Mac workstations that need to have connectivity with Windows workstations. T, the router is important because it can link together separate networks with different protocols because the router asks like a translator. Switches are a good choice for larger networks because they can manage the traffic and create the best paths for data to flow. This can result in increased network efficiency, but if configured wrong, can also create problems. The hub can be relied upon in all different situations. A small group of nodes can be connected by a hub in a home or small office network. This is a cheap solution to connectivity, but in the event that a network gets large and more complex, it might be worth it to think about getting a switch. Works Cited Dean, T. (2010). Network+ Guide to Networks. Boston: Course Technology.

Mannerist in North and Renaissance Music essays

Mannerist in North and Renaissance Music essays In the visual arts the sixteenth century saw the spread of Italian Renaissance ideas northward. In some cases they were carried by Italian artists like Benvenuto Cellini, who went to work in France. Cellini was Goldsmith to Francis I of France from 1537 to 1545. He completed here his first sculpture, the Salt Cellar. He imparted the monumentality of sculpture to a goldsmith's design. The two langorous somatic types reflect the plethora of stucco work (polished like marble to imitate Roman techniques) produced by Rosso Fiorentino and Francesco Primaticcio at Fontainebleau. The style of the School of Fontainebleau and Italian Maniera is characterized by an elongation and abstraction of the poised rather than moving body, creating an unnatural elegance and sophistication. The cellar's iconography reads like a programme for sculpture. The goddess of earth, holding her breast and a cornucopia to signify her nutritive powers, is flanked by a miniature Ionic temple for pepper corns. The go d of the sea (Neptune), with trident and shell chariot, is flanked by a boat for salt. The elaborate ebony base is decorated with cartouches of reclining figures. They represent the four times of day alternating with four winds of seasons. Practical yet capricious, the cellar is a Mannerist masterpiece. Unfortunately, it was stolen from the museum and its present whereabouts is unknown. Some major northern artists, like Albrecht Drer, actually traveled to Italy. DÂ ¸rer's art was strongly influenced by Italian theories of perspective, proportion, and color, although he retained the strong interest in line typical of northern art. But not all his contemporaries showed the same interest in Italian styles. Matthias Grnewald's paintings do not show Renaissance concerns for humanism and ideal beauty; instead, they draw on traditional medieval German art to project the artist's own passionate religious beliefs, formed against the background of the...

Comparison between The Given Day and The Short Happy Life of Francis Essay

Comparison between The Given Day and The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber - Essay Example The Theme of Masculinity Masculinity is the dominant theme in Hemingway’s short story. His works are always repleted with masculine pursuits like war, sports and hunting. In The short happy life of Francis Macomber, he also depicts a masculine setting in which all the characters are engaged in an African Safari. They are involved in lion hunting, controlling the buffalos and things like that. The protagonist has decided to be a part of Safari in mid-thirties and seems to have achieved his sense of manhood in this specific part of his life. â€Å"Wilson considers that Macomber has been reborn into manhood, for the latter’s transformation is more of a change than any loss of virginity. Fear gone like an operation† (Strychacz 14). Though the show of cowardice in lion-hunting episode temporarily snatches from him this sense of fulfillment but he regains this sense when he engages with the buffalo. â€Å"We seem on firmer interpretive ground with the assertion that i n the final scenes Macomber becomes a fully self-controlled and self-determined man† (Strychacz 16). The whole prologue of The Given Day also encompasses a masculine pursuit of baseball games in which the writer has imagined a baseball game between legends of America. Lack of Female Characters The prologue to the Given Day is devoid of any female characters and there is no specific mention of any feminine pursuit or activity. All that has been described belongs to the domain of man. On the other hand, Hemingway’s story presents Margot, â€Å"an extremely handsome and well-kept woman of the beauty† giving the story at least a feminine touch but the overall setting and the situation diminishes her womanhood and we find her engaged in masculine pursuits along with her husband ( Hemingway 2). Minute Detail Both the works beautifully describe the characters and setting and the writers give minute details of the incident that happen during the course of the story. Hemi ngway’s description of the hunting episodes show that the writer is giving a realistic account of the event and is well acquainted with the rules of the â€Å"game†. The minuteness is visible even in the description of characters. Wilson’s character has been described as a man who â€Å" was about middle height with sandy hair, a stubby mustache, a very red face and extremely cold blue eyes with faint white wrinkles at the corners that grooved merrily when he smiled† ( Hemingway 2). Similarly, Lehane’s immaculate detail of the baseball hint towards writer’s minute observation of the sport. Following is the fine example of his descriptive style† The ball hadn’t finished arcing toward the right fielder’s feet (Ruth knew he’d miss it before he did) and the whippet was already rounding first. When the ball hit the grass, the right fielder bare-handed it and didn’t so much as stutter step before planned and let h er loose† ( Lehane 11). Game in Both of the Works Game is the key word in both of the pieces, though the connotations are different in both of the stories. In Hemingway’s story game takes the form of hunting and acts as a unifying force between the otherwise conflicting interests. Similar the unifying force in the Lehane’s prologue is the game of baseball which brings together the people who are involved in emotional

Thermodynamics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Thermodynamics - Essay Example work (W) is made of electrical work (We,in), paddle-wheel work (Wpw,in), and boundary work (Wb) and for a piston – cylinder setup with insulation, ‘Q’ zeroes out (since there would be ‘no heat transfer’ between the system and its surroundings). Hot exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine are to be used to produce saturated water vapour at 2 MPa pressure. The exhaust gases enter the heat exchanger at 400ï‚ °C at a rate of 32 kg/min while water enters at 15ï‚ °C. The heat exchanger is not well insulated, and it is estimated that 10% of heat given up by the exhaust gases is lost to the surroundings. If the mass flow rate of the exhaust is 15 times that of water, determine: An air-conditioning system involves the mixing of cold air and warm outdoor air before the mixture is routed to the conditioned room in steady operation. Cold air enters the mixing chamber at 5ï‚ °C and 105 kPa at a rate of 1.25 m3/s while warm air enters at 34ï‚ °C and 105 kPa. The air leaves the room at 24ï‚ °C. The ratio of the mass flow rates of the hot to cold air streams is 1.6. Using variable specific heats,

Large Female Nude by Pablo Picasso Research Paper

Large Female Nude by Pablo Picasso - Research Paper Example The paper "Large Female Nude by Pablo Picasso" analyzes one of the most important artworks of the cubist Pablo Picasso. The picture this artwork shows is the outline of an overweight woman. The outline is filled with smaller lines that follow the lines of her muscles except in the area of her stomach. In this area, the lines move horizontal across her middle. The way these lines are drawn makes it look like the woman is moving and add energy to the art. The lines on the right side of the painting are light-colored and the lines on the left side of the painting are darker which makes the woman seem like she is not so flat, because the light is shading her. It looks like the woman is dancing because she has her hands held up on top of her head and one leg is positioned behind her with the knee bent. The other leg is straight, but it looks like it is facing me because the toes are in front. This makes me think I can see her from the front and from the side at the same time. The woman's face is turned toward the darker side of the painting and she has long, dark hair that falls over her shoulder and between her breasts. One of her breasts is straight toward me but the other is seen from the side but the one that is straight toward me is not on the side with the leg that is straight toward me. There is a light area of brown around the body of the woman, but it is wider along her dark side. This same solid brown color fills the area between her legs and the space between her face and her dark arm. There is a floor under her feet which is a wavy light line, but the rest of the artwork space is black. This artwork is described as a reduction linocut, which means that it was made in a special way. Instead of painting like most of his work, Picasso cut the image into a block and then paint was put on the block and a piece of paper was put on top of that and rubbed until the design moved onto the paper. To make this have more than one color, Picasso had to cut the block t o make the background brown color of the woman and print it. The black parts would be the part of the block that he cut away and the brown part that outlines the woman would be the parts that stayed. Then he would need to cut out more of the block to show more details of the woman like the lighter color lines. If you look carefully, you can see that some of these lines go over the darker brown lines which means that they were printed after the darker lines. It is called reduction linocut because the artist has to keep reducing, or cutting away, the block in order to make the print. Even though these lines were already there in the darker brown, having to pull the block away in order to cut more of the lines away would have meant that it wouldn't be put in exactly the same place the next time when the lighter lines were being made. There is another tricky thing about this way of making art. Even though the woman is facing one way when I look at her, Picasso had to cut her like a mirr or image in order to make her look the direction he wanted her to look. One of the reasons artists might use this way of making art is that they can make more than one copy of an image quickly, but they can still limit the number of artworks they print. Once the block has been carved the second time, no more new prints can be made. The style of the artwork that Picasso uses for this woman is the primitive style, which was a style that he made popular. In his work, Picasso wanted to show emotions without

Consumer Decision Rule Are Procedures Marketing Essay

Consumer Decision Rule Are Procedures Marketing Essay Introduction Consumer purchasing process theory is a critical component of marketing strategy. Consumer purchasing behavior can be complicated and understanding it is the essential working of effective marketing management. Before consumers make decision to purchase products, they estimate carefully about their thinking. Managers can guess consumers decision process such as Problem recognition, information search, and evaluation criteria. Body The first step is Problem recognition or Need recognition. Problem recognition is that consumers decide problems to be solved and have desires that they wish to satisfy. The consumer considers a significant difference between his or her current state of affairs and some desired or ideal state (Solomon Rabolt, 2003)1. Consumer try to compare between their desired consumer lifestyle that would like to live and feel, and current situation that is temporary factors affecting the consumer. If the consumer has a big gap between desired consumer lifestyle and current situation, they will purchase a product for satisfying the desire. However, if the gab is no different or they do not care about the problem, they will not purchase the product. Nowadays, telephone companies are attracting consumers to purchase by their new products which provide many kind of function. For instance, Businessmen tend to need using mobile phone nowadays in the society and the companies provide many useful functions for them. The new functions can help them to check business e-mails or checking business information on internet. If businessmen do not have a mobile phone, they will not be able to contact other business partners and other people think the businessmen is a dropout. Therefore, having a mobile phone is necessary for them, and having new phone can be fashion and trend for young businessmen. So they will consider purchasing the mobile phone as smart phone. Nowadays, we also can see other case of purchasing the phone in the school. According to Amanda Lenhart, 23percentage of all those ages 12-17 mention that they have a smartphone and ownership is highest among older teens: 31% of those ages 14-17 have a smartphone, compared with just 8% of youth ages 12-13 in America(Amanda Lenhart, 2012)2. If many class mates are having a mobile phone, it can highly affect the students who do not have a phone to desire having smart phone. One of them might be able to ask their parents to purchase it. On the other hands, desire of buying mobile phone and smart phone for most old people will be lower than the young people because they are not used to have mobile phone. Having a mobile phone and new functions in smart phone are unnecessary for them and they can be satisfied their life without mobile phone. It means the old people satisfied about their actual state as their old phone will not consider about it. Like these three different groups has different desire and thinking about the same product. If the Businessman and the students parents consider buying a smart phone, they will move to next stage is information research. Next stage is information search. Information search is when the consumers search the needed information for solving problem or desire. The consumer recollects their own past experience in their memory and it might provide the consumer with adequate information to make the present choice. In addition, The making decisions are based on the personal experience is internal source, and marketing and noncommercial information is external sources. For example, the businessman will remind what they know about new smart phone, compare brands of smart phone. If they do not have enough information or they have not had the phone, they will collect information from external sources as family and friend, internet, and advertisements. Their collect information value and spending time for collecting the information is depending on their free time to search, and how mobile phone is important and interesting to them. Finally, if the businessman is satisfied with information of smart phone, they will move to next stage. However, sometimes searching information also can be negative effect. If the students parents can spend long hours to check and collected many information, the parents can see negative side of smart phone like there are a lot of game application in smart phone, and the phone influence student to spend a lot of time for chatting with their friends whenever they want. The parents will be able to tend to consider about the negative sides and not to purchase it to their children. There is one more negative side of information research it is a failure. According to Leon G.Schiffman, search regret can have a damaging effect on retailers, because in this pilot study store blame and self-blame were not significantly correlated with each other(2010, Leon G.Schiffman, Leslie Lazar Kanuk)3. Thus, information search can be both negative and positive. Next stage is alternative evaluation. After consumer collect information, they compare the relevant and feasible alternatives has been gathered, the decision can be made. The evaluative criteria is the various features a consumer looks for in response to a particular problem. According to Engel, Blackwell, and Miniard, evaluative criteria is defined as the standards and specifications used by consumers to compare different products and brands. Evaluative criteria play an important role in the evaluation stage of the decision making process (Engel J.F, Blackwell, R.D and Miniard, P.W, 1993)4. For example, before purchasing a smart phone, the businessman might want to evaluate cost, function, design, display size, brand, and warranty. Evaluative criteria can differ in type, number and importance. If the businessman can decide to purchase a smart phone, they terminate information search, and they make a list of brand or models from which they plan to make their selection. The criteria t hey will use to evaluate each brand or model as Evoked Set, Inert Set, and Inept Set. Evoked set is the specific brands or models a business man considers to purchase within a particular product category. Inert Set is second choice of brands or models of smart phone because they are felt to be unacceptable or they are seen as inferior. Last list is Inert Set, which consists of brands or models the consumer is indifferent toward because they cannot obtain any advantage from smart phone like a smart phones for student, or silver phone for old people. The two kind of smart phones are not suitable to the businessman and the phones can be in list of Inert set. But, if they are still not sure which one they want to buy, they will search information again. If the businessman decides to purchase a smart phone Conclusion We can understand that consumer has different taste, and want depend on their occupation. Their decision ways is very complex. However, marketing managers can guess consumers purchasing decision by the purchasing process. Question2 Introduction Making decision to purchase a product is the last step for consumers and the consumers can use Consumer decision rules such as Compensatory and Non-compensatory decision rules. Consumer decision rule is procedures used by consumers to facilitate brand or other consumption-related choice. These rules provide consumers decision guidelines or routines to reduce the burden of making complex decisions. Body According to Leon G. Schiffman and Lesilie Lazar Kanuk, there are two consumer decision rules. Compensatory decision rules are that allows a positive estimate of a brand on one attribute to balance out a disadvantage point on other attributes. Non-compensatory decision rules are that do not allow consumers to balance positive evaluations of a brand on one attribute against a negative evaluation on other attributes. In addition, there are three Non-compensatory rules such as the conjunctive rule, the disjunctive rule, and the lexicographic rule. The Conjunctive decision rule is consumers evaluate a separate, minimally acceptable level such a cutoff point for each attribute. If a product a negative point, the point is ignored from future consideration. The disjunctive rule is the same with the Conjunctive rule. In applying the rule, the consumers evaluate a separate, minimally acceptable cutoff level for each attribute which should be better than the one normally established for a conj unctive rule. If a point meets the cutoff established for any one attribute, it is accepted. The Lexicographic decision rule is that the best ranks the attributes in terms of the single attribute that is considered most important. If an option scores sufficiently high on this the best rank attribute, it is chosen and the process ends (Leon G. Schiffman, Leslie Lazar Kanuk, 2010)5. In my case, I purchase a product by the lexicographic decision rule in Non-compensatory decision rules. For instance, there are four different brand of mobile phone as IPhone 4Gs, Sony Ericsson Xperia Arc X12, Samsung Galaxy S3, and BlackBerry Torch 9860. I will check Price, CPU in General, Camera video, 3G/4G Speed in Connective, and Screen. According to GadGetbook, the most expensive price of mobile phone is IPhone around RM2199~RM2799 and the lowest cost one is Blackberry around RM1400~RM1600. Therefore, I marked each mobile phone, Samsung Gelexy3 is 7 point, IPhone4Gs is 6 point, Sony is 9, and Blackb erry is 10 point. Price of the Sony and Blackberry is much cheaper than Samsung Geluxy3 and IPhone. However, Both the Sony and the Blackberry does not have other special feature. The two mobiles CPU, Camera Video, and Connective get low marks among the phones. Especially, Sony provides a poor quality of connective. High speed of Connecting 3G and 4G is the most important point for me because I need to use applications such as Skype which provide free call and video call. If speed of connective is slow, I will get a lot of lack while I am doing the calls with my family and friends (Gadgetbook ,2010)6. Conclusion As my result show chart of hypothetical Ratings for mobile phone*, both the highest connective performance and the highest total mark is Samsung Galaxy3. Hence, I will purchase Samsung Galaxy 3 without *Hypothetical Ratings for Mobile phone IPhone 4GS Sony Ericsson Xperia Arc X12 Samsung Galaxy3 BlackBerry Torch 9860 Price RM2199~2799 ( 6 ) RM1550~1650 ( 9 ) RM2050~2150 ( 7 ) RM1400~1600 ( 10 ) General(CPU) dual-core 1GHz (9) 1GHz scorpion (7) Quad-core 1.4 GHz (10) 1.2 GHz QC 8655 (8) Camera Video 8MP 32642448 [emailprotected] (10) 8MP 32642448 [emailprotected] (9) 8MP 32642448 [emailprotected] (10) 5 MP 2592ц¦1944 720p (7) Connective HSDPA: 14.4 Mbps HSUPA: 5.8 Mbps (8) HSDPA: 7.2 Mbps HSUPA: 5.8 Mbps (6) HSDPA: 21 Mbps HSUPA: 5.76 Mbps (10) HSDPA: 14.4 Mbps HSUPA: 5.76 Mbps (8) Screen 640 x 960 3.5 inches (9) 480 x 854 4.2 inches (8) 720 x 1280 4.8 inches (10) 480 x 800 pixels 3.7 inches (7) Total 42 39 47 40 Question3. Introduction There is no debt that mobile phone is very important for people and me. Most people, nowadays, cannot live without a mobile phone in the society and Mobile phone supports our life to be better with their many functions. Body When I was in Korea, mobile phone was not a so important thing for me and I thought I do not need to buy an expensive high function of mobile phone as camera phone although most of my friend was having them. Therefore, I had a cheap and classic phone as no color phones. However, after coming to Malaysia, my thinking about mobile phone was totally changed because of my situation it is studying abroad. First day in Malaysia, I did not have any friend in here and I realized I need a mobile phone for talking with my family and friends who are in Korea. But I could not call to them whenever I want because of too high phone bill. Thus, I desired to solve the problem. One day, my sister introduced about IPhone that I can use free call and free message through using IPhone application in WIFI zone. The function made me to be excited about smart phone. Actually, I had not thought that I would purchase smart phone that is expensive. Finally, I bought Iphone3 and my life was changed by IPhone a nd the special functions. The first change thing is that I can have more talking and chatting times with my family and friends thanks to the free call and free message application. Even father learnt using smart phone and he often send me message. If I did not have a mobile phone, I would not be able to contact my family, and Korean friends. It seems to me that it is the greatest wonderful advantage for me. Second change thing is that I use other a lot of applications and functions as camera and video in mobile phone and they are very helpful for me. I can take a picture by the mobile phone and upload on Facebook. I can read electronic books and playing games for time killing whenever I want. Conclusion The mobile companies improve their technology and they catch what consumers want and need for attracting customers to purchase. Having a mobile phone becomes one of new culture in the society. I am also affected it. When I was young, having a mobile phone was unnecessary for me and I could not know about advantage of mobile phone. It means that Classic phones could not attract me to have. However, I cannot live without my phone now because of new functions of mobile phone and I need them for my modern life. 1. Solomon, M.R., Rabolt, N.J. (2003). Consumer behavior in fashion (1st ed.). Upper , Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. p.356. 2. Amanda Lenhart, 2012, Teens Smartphones Texting, http://pewinternet.org/Reports/2012/Teens-and-smartphones.aspx 3. (2010, Leon G.Schiffman, Leslie Lazar Kanuk)2. Consumer behavior- prepurchase search, P.486.) 4. Engel, J.F., Blackwell, R.D., Miniard, P.W. (1993). Consumer Behavior (7th ed.). P.51. 5. Leon G. Schiffman, Leslie Lazar Kanuk, 2010, Consumer behavior, Consumer decision Rules, page 491~page492 6. (Gadgetbook ,2010) http://mobilemegamall.com/gadgets/Mobile-Phone-Price-Malaysia-10.html

Depleting Ozone and Its Effect on Society Essay -- Environment

Depleting Ozone and Its Effect on Society Is there a reason for us to be concerned? Can ozone depletion really be connected to something that is truly harmful to humans? How are we directly affected by ozone depletion? How much do we actually know about the ozone and the things that are going on in the atmosphere? There are many questions that arise when talking about the ozone depletion in relation to skin cancer. Today both environmentalists and researchers alike focus on the increasingly dangerous affect that ultraviolet radiation has on present day society. In order to understand how the ozone affects us we must first understand what the ozone is. What is the ozone? The ozone’s essential duty is to protect society from harmful ultraviolet rays by acting as a filter. The ozone is a layer in the middle of the stratosphere that protects the earth from the harmful ultraviolet radiation emitted by the sun. The ozone layer acts as a shield and prevents the sun’s deadly ultraviolet rays from penetrating to the sur face of the earth. The ozone layer protects humans in ways that are difficult to predict The main reason that the ozone is depleting is because of the very nature of human activity. The ozone is being destroyed by chlorofluorocarbons. Chlorofluorocarbons, widely know as CFC’s, are a human-made chemicals that are composed of carbon, chlorine and fluorine atoms. It is the chlorine in chlorofluorocarbons that breaks down the molecule in the ozone causing it to slowly deplete. It is this man-made chemical been the main cause of ozone depletion high up in the atmosphere. There are several different types of CFCs. They were first developed in the 1930s, and since then have been widely used in refrigerators, aerosol cans and ... ...ting because it is the ozone layer that protects us from the very deadly and dangerous ultraviolet rays of the sun. It is very pertinent that our society recognizes that the ozone is thinning and that it is imperative that we take action, no matter how difficult it may be, so that the safety of future generations is ensured. Works Cited Books Gore, Albert. Earth in the Balance. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2000. Harper, Charles L. Environment and Society:Human Perspective on Environmental Issues. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, 2001. Aguado, Edward. Burt, James E. Understanding Weather and Climate. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2007. Internet http://www.epa.gov/ozone/science/effects.html http://www.ciesin.org/docs/001-503/001-503.html http://www.umich.edu/~gs265/society/ozone.html http://www.who.int/uv/publications/proUVrad.pdf

Iga Dc and Hard Rock Cafe Op Man

To compete in today's global markets, organizations strive to deliver their products and services in both an efficient and effective manner. A critical component in this effort is the design and coordination of the supply and distribution strategies in supply chain companies and the service quality in the service industry. Based on a site visit to the IGA Distribution Centre, below are be comparisons between the IGA National Distribution Centre and the well known popular Hard Rock Cafe. TRANSFORMATION PROCESS Both companies follow the same traditional Production System model with inputs relating to money and labour with the same outputs resulting in producing a good or service. However if we compare the transformation processes, both companies have different objectives especially in the output result as IGA’s output is based on tangible goods and Hard Rock Cafe is based on service being an intangible good. IGA Transformation Process focuses on a ‘locational’ transformation which refers to transportation and delivering items to its destination. INPUTS †¢Money– capital †¢Staff – staff to service customers and cook food Ingredients – Food items to be prepared †¢Machine – Kitchens and food machines †¢Method – cooking the food and serving the customer TRANSFORMATION PROCESS †¢This part of the process is where the inputs will be utilised to create the output. In IGA’s case, the products will be picked using e ither the automated picking system or the manual voice picking system. The products are then picked and put into their coded boxes ready to be scanned and dispatched. The boxes are then loaded onto the trucks ready for delivery to its destination. OUTPUT †¢Goods are delivered to IGA stores on time. Hard Rock Cafe Transformation Process focuses on an ‘exchange’ transformation with refers to a service and experience being provided. INPUTS †¢Money– capital †¢Staff – staff to service customers and cook food †¢Ingredients – Food items to be prepared †¢Machine – Kitchens and food machines †¢Method – cooking the food and serving the customer TRANSFORMATION PROCESS †¢This part of the process is where the inputs will be utilised to create the output. In Hard Rock Cafe’s case, waiter takes the customer’s order, Chef prepares and cooks food and waiter then delivers the meal to the customer. OUTPUT †¢Meals on the table on time. MEASURING CUSTOMER SATISFACTION Hard Rock Cafe has existed for the past 37 years and has grown from a modest London pub to an international phenomenon in the service industry with a market share of 121 cafes across the world with 5 hotels and casinos. As time has changed and higher demands, chef’s at Hard Rock Cafe are modifying the classic menu from American Burgers and chicken wings to include higher end meals such as stuffed veal chops and lobster tails. They’ve also adjusted their menus along with layouts, memorabilia, services and strategies. With amount of meals they serve per day, to keep up the operational requirements and customer satisfaction Hard Rock Cafe conducts surveys on a regular basis to evaluate quality of food and service at the cafe. Scores are rated on a scale of 1 to 7, and according to management if the score is not a 7, the food or service is a failure. This can be done within the restaurant of online at their website www. hardrock. com which receives over 100,000 hits per week. In contrast to IGA there any major differences as one company specialises in the service industry and the other transportation and logistics. IGA national supermarket chain that currently has 1,349 stores Australia wide and the largest banner group of independent retailers, which include FoodWorks and Ritchies. IGA currently holds a market share of 35% including FoodWorks and Ritchies (2,140 stores). Customer satisfaction is an essential part of IGA’s operational strategy as it measures productivity and efficiency. Like Hard Rock Cafe, IGA conducts surveys on a regular basis with customer’s (stores) and also has meetings with the operational managers who seek feedback from the store managers. After the site visit, at the reception area was a Customer Service Level Board with sites and stores listed and statistics separated into three categories Grocery, Perishable and General Merchandise. This data highlighted their service level agreements with stores and it also illustrated their achievements in meeting those targets. According Roy Morgan Research Company, 85% of IGA customers were satisfied for the 6 months average leading up to January 2010. Roy Morgan Single Source (Australia): September 2004 – January 2010. FORECASTING With the growth of Hard Rock Cafe of more than 110 restaurants in more than 40 countries, it was imperative that better forecasting techniques be implemented. Hard Rock Cafe uses all three types of forecasting methods. †¢Long range – setting a capacity plan †¢Intermediate term – locking in contracts for leather goods e. g leather jackets and food items such as beef, chicken and pork. †¢Short term – sales forecasts conducted on a monthly basis by the cafe and then sent to headquarters for analysis. The techniques used is regression analysis and weighted moving averages which is conducted in a time span of 3 years and the weights applied are 20, 40, 40 from the earliest year to the latest year. Hard Rock Cafe forecasts are based on previous years such as finding out which foods were preferred in the previous years and add them to the menu. Hard Rock’s forecast for sales is mainly based on point-of-sale (POS) system which captures transaction data on nearly every person that walks through the door. The entree sale represents one customer and the entree sales are then sent to headquarters database. From there the general managers of individual cafes access the database to prepare a daily forecast for their site. The cafe manager can also obtain data from prior years sales for that particular day and prepare for additional upcoming events such as major conventions or sporting events which will boost sales. The daily forecast can then be further broken down into an hourly forecast which allows for employee scheduling, Hard Rock Cafe does not limit its use of forecasting tools to sales. Information obtained from the site visit at IGA’s National Distribution Centre was quite limited in terms of forecasting. IGA also adopts three types of forecasting methods. †¢Long range – setting a capacity plan †¢Intermediate term – locking in contracts with the truck drivers to deliver goods †¢Short term – delivery and sales forecasts conducted on a daily and monthly basis IGA’s NDC forecast is mainly based on the data obtained from the Miniload (automated storage and retrieval system). This system holds 11,000 conventional reserve locations with 60,000 totes to hold items with an hourly pick rate of 350+ picks. However data is also obtained from the conventional voice system which holds 5,500 SKU’s and 11,000 reserves with a pick rate of 100 cartons per hour. The automated system will hold up to 8 days of stock and when levels reach 4 days of stock, a notification will be sent to computer system. IGA forecasts demand by looking at data history from previous years based on people’s habits, trends and seasonal times of the year. Organisational Chart Inventory holdings Managing Inventory is a crucial aspect for both the IGA DC and the Hard Rock Cafe. When it comes to inventory holding there are two main types we think of; †¢Just In Time (JIT) †¢Material Requirement Planning(MRP) MRP has been described by Heizer and Render (2010) a dependent demand technique that uses a bill of material, inventory, expected receipts, and a master production schedule to determine material requirements. This is commonly used in the manufacturing industry as for their constant need of materials arriving when they are needed and reduce the holding of excess inventory. JIT on the other time is said to be a Heizer and Render (2010) philosophy of continuing improvement and enforced problem solving. JIT systems are designed to produce or deliver goods just as they are needed. JIT is related to quality in three ways †¢JIT cuts the cost of quality †¢JIT improves quality †¢Better quality means less inventory and a better; easier to employ a JIT system. The software management tool used for Inventory holdings at IGA DC is used on a dallas system Key features and functions include: †¢The purchase command centre which like the sales command centre provides the one screen view and summary of all the purchase order activities and their status. Automated purchase order generation utilising the re-order points set for each product †¢Full stock level and stock movement tracking †¢Simple and efficient stocktake procedures Where they run on a plan which is of an 8 day stock inventory and when stock reaches 50% they place the reorder, to maintain inventory levels. When looking at The Hard Rock Cafe we must remember that unlike IGA DC it deals with food and mercha ndise but also has 40 million dollars invested in rock n roll memorabilia, which is managed my Pete Beaudraul, CEO in Florida. Management of quality The company’s commitment to its employees at every level, clear communication channels, regular briefings and an emphasis on training programs has reinforced the core values of the company and contributed to the rising status of the Metcash Group. The company policy with regards to product safety and quality is to provide safe and quality foods that exceed the consumer expectations and meet the legislative and regulatory requirements. Ensures product safety and quality by: approving suppliers based on the vendor assurance program generally HACCP certified suppliers †¢conducting regular supplier audits †¢conducting regular internal audits †¢conducting product assessments (including microbiological, chemical testing, shelf life validation) †¢ensuring that all staff have the required training to perform their tasks †¢reviewing product performance- i. e. customer complaints, trends analysis †¢conducting regular management reviews Menu review Surveys Kitchen, bar, retail shop layout and equipment maintenance Supply chain interactions ( suppliers- manufacturer- dealers- retailers- customers) Supply Chain Management Hard Rock work with qualified suppliers to ensure fresh, quality meals Menu item selection depends on supplying right amount of ingredients from qualified suppliers on time References †¢Operations Management, 9th Edition Heizer and Render †¢Operations Management Chapter 1, Lecture Notes †¢IGA Distribution Centre notes and site visit †¢http://www. roymorganonlinestore. com/News/1030—Coles-improve-in-Customer-Satisfaction-whil. aspx †¢www. hardrock. com

The Iron Heel Study Guide

The Iron Heel Study Guide The Iron Heel  is an early dystopian novel published in 1908 by Jack London. London is best known for his man-against-nature novels like  The Call of the Wild  and  White Fang, so  The Iron Heel  is often  considered a departure from his usual output.   The Iron Heel  is written from the first-person perspective of a female protagonist, and  it includes a  presentation of London’s socialist political ideals, both of which were unusual for its time. The book addresses Londons belief that unionized labor and socialist political movements would rise to challenge the traditional capitalist power base. Later writers such as George Orwell often explicitly mention The Iron Heel as an influence on their own works. Plot The novel begins with a foreword written by Anthony Meredith in the 419 BOM (Brotherhood of Man), approximately the 27th century. Meredith discusses the Everhard Manuscript as a historical document, composed by Avis Everhard and describing the events of 1912 through 1932. Meredith warns that the manuscript is riddled with errors of fact, but insists on its value as a firsthand account of those â€Å"terrible times.† Meredith notes that the manuscript, written by Avis Everhard, cannot be considered objective because she is writing about her own husband and was herself too close to the events to have objectivity. In the Everhard Manuscript proper, Avis describes meeting her future husband, socialist activist Ernest Everhard. She finds him poorly groomed, self-righteous, and irritating. Ernest argues that the American system of economics is based on the abuse and poor treatment (in other words, the exploitation) of labor, and that the ordinary workers who keep everything going suffer terribly. Avis initially does not agree, but later she conducts her own investigation of Ernest’s claims and is shocked to discover she   concurs with his assessment. As Avis becomes close to Ernest, her father and a family friend (Dr. John Cunningham and Bishop Moorehouse) also begin to agree with his ideas. All four key characters begin to work for the socialist causes. As a result, the oligarchs who own and run the country under the guise of capitalism and democracy move to ruin them all. Dr. Cunningham loses his teaching job and his home. Bishop Moorehouse is found to be clinically insane and is committed to an asylum. Ernest wins election as a Representative in Congress, but is framed as a conspirator in a terrorist plot and is sent to prison, along with Avis. Avis is released some months later, followed by Ernest. The two flee into hiding and begin plotting a revolution. Before action can be taken, the government and oligarchs- which Ernest collectively calls The Iron Heel- form a private army, legitimized by the weak government. This private army sets in motion a false-flag riot in Chicago. The private army, called the Mercenaries, violently crushes the riot, killing many and using brutal tactics. Bishop Moorehouse, escaped from captivity, is killed in the riot. At the end of the novel, Avis writes optimistically about the plans for a second uprising that Ernest is certain will succeed. However, as the reader knows from Meredith’s forward, this second uprising will fail, and The Iron Heel will rule the country for centuries until the final revolution that forms the Brotherhood of Man. The manuscript ends suddenly, and Meredith explains that Avis Everhard hid the book because she knew she was about to be arrested. Major Characters Anthony Meredith. A historian from the far future, reading and making notes on the so-called Everhard Manuscript. He is condescending and chauvinistic towards Avis and often corrects her; however, his remarks reveal his limited understanding of the early 20th  century era that he studies. The reader  gets to know Meredith mainly through his marginalia, which adds detail and context to the novel. Avis Everhard. Born  into wealth, Avis is initially dismissive of the plight of the working class. Over the course of her manuscript, however, she begins to see her younger self as naive and childish, and she becomes a fierce proponent of revolution. There is evidence that Avis is not entirely reliable and that her core attitudes have not entirely changed; she often uses disrespectful language to describe the working classes even as she is speaking the language of revolution. Ernest Everhard. A passionate believer in socialism, Ernest is shown to be intelligent, physically powerful, and a courageous public speaker. Meredith implies that Ernest Everhard was merely one of many key people in the early days of the revolution, suggesting that Avis may  be romanticizing Ernest throughout her manuscript. Most critics believe Ernest represents London himself and his core beliefs. Dr. John Cunningham. Avis’ father, a celebrated academic and scientist. He is initially a supporter of the status quo, but slowly becomes convinced of  Ernest’s cause. He loses his status in society as a result and later disappears; Avis suspects he is kidnapped by the government. Bishop Moorehouse. A minister who undergoes a similar change in views  as Dr. Cunningham, eventually giving his life in the effort to resist the oligarchy. Literary Style The Iron Heel is a work of dystopian fiction. Dystopian fiction  presents a universe that is at odds with the author’s beliefs and attitudes; in this case, the dystopian aspect comes from a world run by capitalist oligarchs who exploit the working class, abuse the poor, and ruthlessly destroy critics. The novel is also considered a work of soft science fiction, because although it makes no mention of advanced technology, it is centered around a setting 700 years ahead of the date of its composition. London used a series of nested points-of-view in the novel, each with a different degree of  reliability. On the surface is the frame story of Dr. Meredith, who writes from the future and examines a work of historical importance. He presents himself as a trusted authority, but some of his commentary includes factual errors about 20th century history that would be obvious to the reader, which undermines his reliability. The next point of view is that of Avis Everhard, the narrator of the manuscript that makes up the bulk of the text of the novel. Her reliability comes into question when she implies that her statements about her husband are subjective, as well as when she makes seemingly contemptuous comments about the political cause she professes to support. Finally, the perspective of Ernest Everhard is provided when his speeches are included in the text. These speeches seem reliable due to their word-for-word nature, but Avis unreliability makes the reader less certain.   London also employs a technique known as a false document: a  fictional work that is presented to the reader as a factual one. This conceit allows London to add complexity to a novel that might otherwise be a straightforward political tract.  The Iron Heel  contains two intertwined, multilayered false documents  (Avis’ manuscript and Meredith’s gloss on that manuscript). This combination a complex mystery concerning whose perspective is closest to the truth. Jack London was charged several times over the course of his career with plagiarism. Chapter 7 of The Iron Heel, The Bishop’s Vision, is an essay written by Frank Harris. London did not deny that he  copied the speech verbatim, but he claimed that he believed it was a speech delivered by an actual bishop. Key Quotes â€Å"It is far easier to see brave men die than to hear a coward beg for life.† - Avis Everhardâ€Å"No man can be intellectually insulted. Insult, in its very nature, is emotional.† - Ernest Everhardâ€Å"Times have changed since Christs day. A rich man to-day who gives all he has to the poor is crazy. There is no discussion. Society has spoken.† - Ernest Everhard Iron Heel Fast Facts Title: Iron HeelAuthor: Jack LondonDate Published: 1908Publisher: MacmillanLiterary Genre: Dystopian Science FictionLanguage: EnglishThemes: Socialism and social revolution.Characters: Anthony Meredith, Avis Everhard, Ernest Everhard, John Cunningham, Bishop Moorehouse.

Dung Beetles and Tumblebugs, Subfamily Scarabaeinae

Dung Beetles and Tumblebugs, Subfamily Scarabaeinae Where would we be without dung beetles? We’d likely be buried hip deep in poop, that’s where. Dung beetles do the dirty work in our world by breaking down, burying, and consuming animal waste. True dung beetles and tumblebugs belong to the subfamily Scarabaeinae (sometimes called Coprinae). Description: The subfamily Scarabaeinae is a large insect group, so there’s quite a bit of variety in the size, color, and shape of dung beetles. Most dung beetles and tumblebugs are black, but a few more flamboyant species come in brilliant shades of green or gold. Dung beetles vary in size from about 5mm to 30mm long. Just below the frons (forehead), the dung beetle’s exoskeleton forms a rounded shield-like structure called a clypeus, which covers the mouthparts. Some male dung beetles possess impressive horns, which they use as weapons to fend off other male competitors. Even a novice observer can recognize a dung beetle by its behavior. As if by magic, dung beetles appear on fresh dung piles, and quickly begin tearing the patty apart. A single pile of elephant scat attracted 16,000 dung beetles, with 4,000 scatophiles already at work in the first 15 minutes after the poo was deposited on the ground. If you want to see a dung beetle, find yourself a fresh cow patty to observe. Dung beetles play important roles in the ecosystems in which they live. Gardeners would pay good money to have someone work manure into their soil, but dung beetles provide that service for free. As they roll their balls of poo away, they disperse seeds that passed through the digestive tract of the herbivore and wound up in its scat. Dung beetles and tumblebugs recycle nutrients and help plants thrive. And don’t forget, all those piles of poop attract other, nuisance insects, like filth flies. When dung beetles clean up quickly, they prevent many disease-carrying pests from breeding. Classification: Kingdom - AnimaliaPhylum - ArthropodaClass - InsectaOrder - ColeopteraFamily - ScarabaeidaeSubfamily - Scarabaeinae Diet: Dung beetles feed primarily on dung, especially of herbivorous mammals, although some beetles in this group feed on carrion, fungi, or even rotting fruit. Dung beetle adults typically derive their nutrition from the liquid component of excrement, and can filter out any solid particles as they ingest it. As the dung dries out, it becomes less palatable to the beetles and they will search for a fresher source of food. Parent dung beetles provision their young with dung balls, so the developing offspring have a ready source of food when they emerge from their eggs. Dung beetle larvae can digest the drier, fiber-rich part of the dung, and use chewing mouthparts to consume it. Life Cycle: Like all beetles, dung beetles undergo a complete metamorphosis with four life stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. The mother dung beetle deposits her eggs in dung balls, which the parents skillfully bury or roll into underground tunnels. Each egg is placed in its own chamber, and will hatch within a couple of weeks. In general, dung beetle larvae will feed for about 3 months, molting through three instars before pupating inside their dung chambers. The adult will emerge from its brood mass in 1-4 weeks, and then dig its way to the soil surface. Special Behaviors: The dung beetle makes its living on piles of poop, but that doesn’t mean it’s an easy life. That scat is a veritable free-for-all of dung beetles trying to grab the nicest hunk and run. A sneaky dung beetle might lie in wait for a more ambitious beetle to do the work of rolling a nice, neat dung ball, and then dash in and steal it. It’s in the dung beetle’s best interest to retreat quickly with its poo prize, and that means it needs to roll the ball in a straight path. Should the beetle inadvertently push its dung ball in a curve, it risks winding up back in the melee, where a beetle bully can cause trouble. It’s no easy task to roll a ball of poo in a straight line, especially when you do so by pushing it from behind with your back legs, and your head down. Researchers studying dung beetles in Africa have recently shown that the beetles look to the heavens for navigational clues. The sun, moon, and even the gradual gradient of light that we call the Milky Way can help the dung beetle maintain a straight line. And each time a dung beetle encounters an obstacle – a rock, a depression in the soil, or perhaps a clump of grass – it climbs atop its dung ball, and does a little orientation dance until it figures out which way to go. Range and Distribution: Dung beetles are both abundant and diverse, with roughly 6,000 species in over 250 genera known so far. Dung beetles live on every continent except Antarctica. Sources: Ecology and Evolution of Dung Beetles, edited by Leigh W. Simmons and T. James Ridsdill-Smith.Borror and DeLong’s Introduction to the Study of Insects, 7th edition, by Charles A. Triplehorn and Norman F. Johnson.Encyclopedia of Insects, 2nd edition, edited by Vincent H. Resh and Ring T. Carde.Insects: Their Natural History and Diversity, by Stephen A. Marshall.Scarabaeinae Overview, Generic Guide to New World Scarab Beetles website. Accessed May 8, 2013.

McDonalds in Kazakhstan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

McDonalds in Kazakhstan - Essay Example McDonald's generates revenues through company operated restaurants and franchisee restaurants. Of a total of over 31,000 restaurants, over 8000 are operated by the company and over 18,000 are operated by franchisees. The remaining restaurants are operated by affiliates. The company's revenue comprises sales from company operated restaurants and fees as well as rent from franchisees and affiliates. Under the franchise arrangement, the franchisees invest in the equipment, signage, seating and dcor, while the company owns or leases the land and building. Franchisees pay the company service fees and rent for premises. Service fees are set as a percentage of sales, while rent and other terms of occupancy are stipulated in the franchise agreement, which is drawn for a period of 20 years. The company and its franchisees as well as affiliates purchase food, packaging, equipment and other goods from approved suppliers. The company maintains quality standards through assurance labs around the world. A quality assurance board, including the company's technical, safety and supply chain specialists, provides guidance on all aspects of food quality and safety. The McDonald's business model is slightly different from that of most other fast food chains. In addition to ordinary franchise fees, supplies and percentage of sales, McDonald's also collects rent. As a condition of the franchise agreement, McDonald's owns most properties. Since rent is a fee that is not linked to sales, this practice allows McDonald's more control over its franchisees (Rumbelow, 1 February 2001). As the world's largest fast food company, McDonald's was the target of criticism on many grounds over the review period. It has been accused of the exploitation of entry-level workers and ecological damage caused by agricultural production and industrial processing of its products with high levels of packaging waste. Critics claim it sells unhealthy or non-nutritious food with exploitative advertising targeted at children and contributes to the suffering and exploitation of livestock. McDonald's has also been criticised for its litigious and heavy-handed approach to preserving its image and copyrights. Consequently, McDonald's recorded its first ever global loss in the last quarter of 2002 and in Europe sales plunged 3.8% in January 2003. To combat this, McDonald's underwent a fundamental revolution in its approach to menus, marketing and consumers in 2003. In the UK, McDonald's is improving its standards and continued to work with government and health officials to investigate impro vements (Euromonitor, 29 November 2005). On the other hand, Kazakhstan is a relatively new nation as it gained independence from Soviet Union in 1991. McDonald's has is one of the countries it has to conquer. Kazakstan's 1,052,100 square miles (2,724,900 square kilometres) make it by far the largest state in Central Asia and the ninth largest in the world. Between its most distant points Kazakstan measures about 1,820 miles (2,930 kilometres) east to west and 960 miles north to south. While Kazakstan was not considered by authorities in the former Soviet

The Cold War was inevitable Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Cold War was inevitable - Research Paper Example The reason behind these contending forms of history is that one or other political pioneer was answerable for the incredible ideological crash that overwhelmed the second portion of the 20th c. I oppose this idea. I accept that the Cold War was the practically inexorable spin-off of World War II2. As long as they were both battling Nazi Germany, the U.SA and the U.S.S.R had motivation to save their organization together and paper over any differences. When their regular foe was vanquished, and Americans and Russians met one another in the heart of Europe, their political and financial investment wandered pointedly. Fellowship turned to contention in barely a second3. With his curved, however, infrequently splendid handle of authentic strengths, Adolf Hitler took care of business when he finished up in April 1945 that the annihilation of the Third Reich might leave "just two extraordinary Forces fit for facing one another - the United States and Soviet Russia." He happened to anticipate "the laws of both history and topography will constrain these two Forces to a trial of quality, either military or in the fields of money making concerns and philosophy."4 Basically, all the watershed occasions of the early Cold War could be followed once again to the 6th period that spread over the Yalta meeting, the demise of Franklin Roosevelt, World War II end , the crumbling of the opposition to Hitler cooperation, and the dawning of the nuclear age. The Czechoslovak overthrow emulated an example secured an example built in Romania in the weeks promptly taking after Yalta, with the Moscow-sponsored Communists utilizing their control over the security strengths to seize complete force. Trumans backing for professional Western governments in Greece and Turkey in 1947 took after coherently from his prior imperviousness to Soviet arrangements to obtain army installations along the Dardanelles and in the Mediterranean. The 1948-1949 Berlin bar had its